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Chemistry > Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Pure means

A

Only contains one type of element or compound

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2
Q

Pure substances can

A

Melt and solidify at one temperature- melting point

Boil and condense at one temperature- boiling point

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3
Q

Impure substance are

A

Mixtures

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4
Q

Impure substances dont

A

Melt and boil at one temperature

They change state over a range of temperatures

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5
Q

Formulations are

A

Mixtures that have been carefully designed to have specific properties
Complex mixtures in which each chemical has a particular purpose
The components are carefully controlled

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6
Q

Phases of chromatography

A

Stationary phase does not move

Mobile phase does move

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7
Q

Stationary phase is

A

Absorbent paper

Oh

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8
Q

Mobile phase is the

A

Solvent which is usually the water

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9
Q

Chromatography separates

A

Mixtures into the constituent components

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10
Q

R value =

A

Distance moved by substance /

Distance moved by solvent

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11
Q

Properties of hydrogen

A

Colourless gas combines violently with oxygen when ignited

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12
Q

hydrogen test

A

When mixed with air burns with the squeaky pop

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13
Q

properties of chlorine

A

A greens Poisonous gas that bleaches dies

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14
Q

Chlorine test

A

Turns damp litmus paper white

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15
Q

Properties of oxygen

A

Colourless gas that helps fuels burn more readily than in air

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16
Q

oxygen test

A

Relights a glowing splint

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17
Q

Carbon dioxide properties

A

Colourless gas

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18
Q

Carbon dioxide test

A

When bubbles through limewater turns the lime water cloudy

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19
Q

Standard laboratory equipment can be used to

A

Detect and identify elements and compounds

However new highly accurate instrument can analyse and identify substances more effectively

20
Q

Flame emission spectroscopy

A

Very useful instrumental method
Used to analyse solutions that contain metal ions
A sample Is put in a flame and the light is passed through a spectroscope
This produces a line spectrum

21
Q

A line spectrum can be used to

A

Identify the metal ion

Measure the concentration of the ion

22
Q

Flame tests identify

A

Metal ions- cations

23
Q

Copper flame

A

Green

24
Q

Calcium flame

A

Brick red

25
Q

Lithium flame

A

Crimson

26
Q

Pottasium fkame

A

Lilac

27
Q

Sodium flame

A

Yellow

28
Q

If a sample contains a mixture of ions(flame)

A

The coulour of some ions can be masked

Eg
Soloution with sodium and potassium
Pale lilac is hard to see over the yellow

29
Q

Carbonates react with dilute acids to form

A

Carbon dioxide gas

And salt and water

30
Q

Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid —>

A

Calcium chloride +

Carbon dioxide +

Water

31
Q

Most metal carbonates are

A

Insoluble

32
Q

Sodium carbonate and pittssium carbonate are

A

Soluble and dissolve in water to form solutions that contain carbonate ions

33
Q

Some metal ions form

A

Precipitates

34
Q

Precipitates are

A

Insoluble solids that come out of soilution when sodium hydroxide is added

35
Q

Aluminium precipitates

A

Aluminium hydroxide

White

Dissolved in excess

36
Q

Calcium precipitates

A

Calcium hydroxide

White

37
Q

Magnesium precipitates

A

Magnesium hydroxide

White

38
Q

Copper(II) precipitates

A

Copper(II) hydroxide

Blue

39
Q

Irom(II) precipitates

A

Iron(II) hydroxide

Green

40
Q

Iron(III) precipitates

A

Iron(III) hydroxide

Brown

41
Q

If dilutes hydrochloric acid and barium chloride or added to the solution containing sulphate ions

A

A white precipitate of barium sulphate is produced

42
Q

Halide test

A

Add nitric acid

Add silver nitrate

Silver halide precipitates form

43
Q

Silver chloride precipitates

A

White

44
Q

Silver bromide precipitates

A

Cream

45
Q

Silver iodide precipitates

A

Yellow

Chemistry (6 decks)

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