Chemical Analysis Flashcards
Chemical Tests are a part of this topic but I put them seperately
What is a pure substance in chemistry?
A single element or compound, not mixed with any other substance.
What are the characteristics of pure substances regarding melting and boiling points?
They melt and boil at specific and sharp temperatures.
How can purity be distinguished?
By observing melting and boiling points.
What are the melting and boiling points of pure water?
Boiling point: 100 °C; Melting point: 0 °C.
What is the general behavior of impure substances compared to pure substances?
Impure substances have a range of melting and boiling points, lower melting points, and higher boiling points.
What is a formulation?
A mixture designed as a useful product.
Why are formulations important in the pharmaceutical industry?
They ensure precise ratios of components for safety, efficacy, and shelf life.
List some examples of formulations.
- Fuels
- Cleaning agents
- Paints
- Medicines
- Alloys
- Fertilisers
- Foods
What is chromatography used for?
To separate substances and provide information to help identify them.
What are the two phases involved in chromatography?
- Mobile phase
- Stationary phase
In paper chromatography, what is the mobile phase?
The solvent in which the sample molecules can move.
What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?
The chromatography paper itself.
How do different substances behave in chromatography?
More soluble substances travel further up the paper.
What does a pure substance produce on a chromatogram?
Only one spot.
What does an impure substance produce on a chromatogram?
More than one spot.
Describe the method of investigating chromatography.
Draw a pencil line, apply spots of color, dip in solvent, and measure distances traveled.
What are some advantages of using instrumental methods?
- Greater accuracy
- Faster and easier to use
- More sensitive than non-instrumental methods
What is flame emission spectroscopy used for?
To analyze metal ions in solutions.
How does flame emission spectroscopy identify metal ions?
By analyzing the light emitted through a spectroscope to produce a line spectrum.
Fill in the blank: A formulation is a mixture that has been designed as a _______.
[useful product]
