Chemical Analyisis Flashcards
Pure substance
Is a single element or compound not mixed with any other substances
Sublimation
Changes of state from a solid to a gas
Distillate
The liquid which is collected by condensation of vapour during the distillation process
Formulation
Is a mixture which has been designed as a useful product and is formed by mixing together several different substances in carefully measured quantities to ensure the product has the required properties
Solution
Formed when a solute dissolves
Fractional distillation
What is the fractional column packed with
What condenses and vaporises many times in fractionating column
What eventually happens
Glass beads providing a large sa
Water and ethanol vapour during fractional distillation
Ethanol vapour teaches the top of the column and cools and condenses in the condenser
method for analysing black ink
-use a pencil to draw a line 2cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper
- put a small dot of the ink sample in the centre of the bottom line
-pour a suitable solvent (water) into the beaker 1cm depth.
-place chromatogram in the beaker. Make sure the pencil line is above the water surface and not touching the sides of the beaker wall
-wait for the solvent to run 3/4 of the way up, then remove the paper and use a pencil to mark the solvent front (furthest point reached by the solvent)
-allow chromatogram to dry
-the different components present in the black ink can then be identified
Filtration what, eg
Insoluble solid and solvent
Chalk and water
Evaporation and crystallisation
Soluble solid and solvent
Obatainging salt from salt solution
Separating funnel
Two immiscible liquids
Oil and water
Simple distillation
A solvent and solution or 2 miscible liquid with big difference in boiling points
Obtaining pure water from sea water
Fractional distillation
Two miscible liquids with small difference in boiling point
Ethanol and water
Chromatography
Separting a mixture (usually coloured)
Eg dyes food colouring
