Acids Bases And Salts Flashcards

1
Q

Why do crystals form on cooling hot saturated solution

A

When solution is hot, solubility is higher as it cools solubility decreases and crystals start to form

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2
Q

Why is all the water not simply evaporated off the solution

A

Many salts , contain water of crystallisation so water is locked into the crystal structure of the salt during crystallisation

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3
Q

Metal + acid -> metal salt + hydrogen
General observations

A

Fizzing
Metal disappears
Heat given out
Colourless solution formed

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4
Q

Test for hydrogen

A

Lit splint gives sqeuky pop, the hydrogen is burning in the air to produce water

2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O

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5
Q

Metal carbonate/hydrogen carbonate+ acid -> carbon dioxide + water + metal salt
Observations

A

Fizzing
Solid disappears (give colour)
Heat given out (bar sodium hydrogen carbonate)
Colourless (blue if copper salt) solution formed

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6
Q

test for carbon dioxide

A

Bubble through lime water ( calcium hydroxide solution)
Colourless to milky

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7
Q

Alkali/base + acid -> salt + water
Observations, what’s is also an alkali

A

Ammonia solution

Heat given out ( bar copper oxide )
If solid : some (colour) solid disappears
Colourless ( blue if copper salt solution formed )

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8
Q

1 what observation if gas is produced
2 what observation if one reactant is a solid
3 what observation if insoluble
4 what are the exception to heat given out
5 what is soluble

A

1 Bubbles
2 (colour) soli disappears, (colour) solution is produced
3 metal disappears
4 copper(II) oxide , sodium hydrogen-carbonate
5 liquids

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9
Q

Give colour
1acids at start
2 copper oxide
3 copper carbonate
4 solutions of copper salts
5 oxides and other compounds of group 1,2 and aluminium
6 solutions of group 1, 2 and aluminium compounds

A

1 colourless
2 black
3 green
4 blue
5 white
6 colourless

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10
Q

Exothermic

A

Gives out heat to surroundings

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11
Q

Endothermic

A

Reaction takes in heat from surroundings

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12
Q

Corrosive
Risk and precaution

A

May cause burns to skin
Damage eyes
Corrode metals

Wear gloves and safety glasses

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13
Q

Acutely toxic
Risks and precautions

A

If ingested could belief threatening

Wear gloves and safety goggles
Use fume cupboard

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14
Q

Flammable
Risk and precaution

A

Goes on fire easily when exposed to spark

Keep away from naked flame

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15
Q

Explosive
Risks and precautions

A

Can explode easily form fire/ heat struck

Keep away from explosive sources

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16
Q

Moderate hazard
Risk and precautions

A

May irritate skin

Wear safety goggle and gloves

17
Q

How can you tell if all the acid has been neutralised

A

When some solid remains at the bottom, Un reacted
If carbonate (or metal) is used there will be no more bubbles of gas

18
Q

Why is excess solid added

A

To make sure that all the acid has been neutralised
It leaves a pure solution of salt after filtration

19
Q

3 drying methods

A

Place in desiccator
Low temperature oven
Between 2 sheets of filter paper

20
Q

Spell indicator that goes form pink in alkali to colourless in solution

A

Phenolphthalein

21
Q

How to prepare pipette

A

Rinse with deionised water
Using pipette filler rinse with solution
Fill with solution
Hold the pipette vertically with the volume line at eye level
Run out the solution until the bottom of meniscus is on the line

22
Q

How to prepare burette

A

Rinse with deionised water
Rinse with solution
Fill with solution
Allow the solution to run out until the bottom of the meniscus is at the 0 line
Ensure the tip is full and there are no air bubbles

23
Q

Concentration (mol/dm3)

A

Th number of moles of a solid dissolved in 1dcm3 of solution

24
Q

Salt

A

Compound formed hen some or all hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions

25
Q

Strong acid/alkali

A

Ionise completely in solution

26
Q

Weak acid/alkali

A

Ionise partially in solution

27
Q

Phenolphthalein solution
1 acid
2 neutral
3 alkail

A

1 colourless
2 colourless
3 pink

28
Q

Methyl orange solution
1 acid
2 neutral
3 alkali

A

1 red
2 orange
3 yellow

29
Q

Blue litmus
1 acid
2 neutral
3 alkali

A

1 red
2 blue
3 blue

30
Q

Red litmus
1acid
2nuetral
3alkali

A

1 red
2 red
3 blue