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MLS111 > CHEM111 PRELIM REVIEWER > Flashcards

CHEM111 PRELIM REVIEWER Flashcards

1
Q

field of study concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations of matter

A

chemistry

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2
Q

Icludes all things, both living and nonliving.

A

matter

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3
Q

2 types of property

A

physical , chemical

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4
Q

characteristics that can be observed without changing the basic identity of the substance

A

physical property

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5
Q

Color, odor, physical state, melting/boiling point, hardness

A

physical property

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6
Q

describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance

A

chemical property

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7
Q

changes its physical appearance but not is chemical composition

A

physical change

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8
Q

substance undergoes a change in chemical composition. It always involve conversion of the material under consideration into one or more new substances.

A

chemical change

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9
Q

composition of a substance does not change

A

physical

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10
Q

properties observable without changing composition

A

physical properties

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11
Q

changes observable without changing composition

A

physical change

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12
Q

changes in color, shape , solid, liquid, gas, boiling point, melting point

A

physical properties

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13
Q

melting, boiling, freezing

A

physical change

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14
Q

changes in state of subdivision with no change in state

A

physical change

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15
Q

properties that describe how a substance changes or resist change to form a new substance

A

chemical properties

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16
Q

flammability

A

chemical properties

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17
Q

decomposition, reaction to chlorine

A

chemical properties

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18
Q

changes in which one or more new substance are formed

A

chemical change

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19
Q

2 classes of matter

A

pure substance, mixtures

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20
Q

2 sub of pure substances

A

elements and compounds

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21
Q

2 types of mixtures

A

homo heterogenous

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22
Q

2 chemical composition as a_______

A

pure substance, mixture

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23
Q

CC single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means

A

Pure Substance

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24
Q

CC physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity

A

Mixture

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25
Q

CC components can be separated using physical means

A

mixture

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26
Q

mixture that contains visible different phases (parts), each of which has different property

A

hetero

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27
Q

contains only one visibly distinct phase

A

homo

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28
Q

pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by chemical means

A

element

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29
Q

pure substance that can broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means

A

compound

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30
Q

how many known elements in the PT

A

117

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31
Q

smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element

A

atom

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32
Q

rarely encountered in nature

A

free atoms

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33
Q

a group of two or more atoms that functions a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together

A

molecule

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34
Q

molecule that contains two atoms

A

diatomic molecule

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35
Q

`molecule that contains 3 atoms

A

triatomic molecule

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36
Q

molecule in which all atoms present are of the same kind.
e.g H2

A

homoatomic molecule

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37
Q

molecule in which two or more kinds of atoms are present.
H20

A

heteroatomic molecule

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38
Q

molecules made of atoms from different elements

A

compound

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39
Q

atoms connected by chemical bond

A

molecules

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40
Q

T/F

ALL COMPOUNDS ARE MOLECULES, BUT NOT ALL MOLECULES ARE COMPOUNDS

A

TRUE

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41
Q

notation made up of the chemical symbols of the elements present in a compound and numerical subscripts (located to the right of each chemical symbol) that indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound.

A

CHEMICAL FORMULA

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42
Q

determination of the dimensions, capacity, quantity, or extent of something

A

MEASUREMENT

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43
Q

two systems of measurement that is used commonly

A

the English system of units and the metric system of units

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44
Q

inch, foot, pound, quart, and gallon

A

English

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45
Q

gram, meter, and liter

A

Metric

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46
Q

1 m is equivalent to —yards

A

1.09 yards

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47
Q

28 g =

A

1 ounce

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48
Q

454 g=

A

1 pound

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49
Q

1 L is equivalent to

A

1,06 quarts

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50
Q

T/F

Measurements will always have a degree of uncertainty or error

A

T

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51
Q

in a measurement that are known with certainty plus one digit that is estimated

A

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

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52
Q

Number of significant figures = all certain digits + one estimated digit

A

YES

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53
Q

T/F

All nonzero digits are NOT significant

A

F

54
Q

T/F

Zeros may or may not be significant

A

T

55
Q

Zeros at the beginning of a number are never significant

A

T

56
Q

Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant

A

T

57
Q

Zeros at the end of a number are SIGNIFICANT if a decimal point is PRESENT in the number

A

T

58
Q

Zeros at the end of a number are NOT SIGNIFICANT in the number LACKS an explicitly shown decimal point

A

T

59
Q

0.0141

A

3

60
Q

3.063

A

4

61
Q

100

A

1

62
Q

100.

A

3

63
Q

0.001004

A

4

64
Q

56.00

A

4

65
Q

0.05050

A

4

66
Q

6010

A

3

67
Q

ratio that specifies how one unit of measurement is related to another unit of measurement

A

conversion factor

68
Q

a general problem-solving method in which the units associated with numbers are used as a guide in setting up calculations

A

dimensional analysis

69
Q

ratio of the mass of an object to the volume occupied by that object

A

density

70
Q

density triangle

A

M/dv

71
Q

indicator of the tendency of heat energy to be transferred

A

temp

72
Q

All matter is made up of small particles called

A

atoms

73
Q

Atoms, in turn, are made up of even smaller particles

A

subatomic particle

74
Q

Three types of subatomic particles

A

protons neutrons electrons

75
Q

where does the p an n located

A

center

76
Q

the outer region contain

A

all electron

77
Q

any subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

A

nucleon

78
Q

An atom as a whole is electrically —–

A

neutral

79
Q

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic number

80
Q

number of protons =

A

number of electrons

81
Q

The mass number is the number of

A

protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus

82
Q

number of protons + number of neutrons

A

mass number

83
Q

An atom must have the same number of electrons and protons

A

yes

84
Q

t/f

However, the number of neutrons do not have to be the same as the number of protons or electrons

A

t

85
Q

atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and the same number of electrons but different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

86
Q

the calculated average mass for the isotopes of an element, expressed on a scale where 126C serves as the reference point

A

atomic mass

87
Q

states that when increasing atomic number, elements with similar chemical properties occur in periodic (regularly recurring) intervals

A

pt law

88
Q

a tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical properties are positioned in vertical columns

A

pt

89
Q

horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

A

period

90
Q

vertical column of elements in the periodic table

A

group

91
Q

Four Groups of elements have common (non-numerical) names

A

Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal, Halogen and Noble Gas

92
Q

an element that has the characteristic properties of luster, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability

A

metal

93
Q

an element characterized by the absence of properties of luster, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability

A

nonmetal

94
Q

The majority of the elements are

A

metals

95
Q

region of space about a nucleus that contains electrons that gave approximate the same energy and that spend most of their time approximately the same distance from the nucleus

A

electron shell

96
Q

region of space within an electron shell that contains electrons that have the same energy

A

electron subshell

97
Q

region of space within an electron subshell where an electron with a specific energy is most likely to be found

A

electron orbital

98
Q

spherical in shape

A

s

99
Q

have shaped similar to the “figure 8”

A

p

100
Q

clover shape

A

d

101
Q

pompoms

A

f

102
Q

electron in the outermost electron shell of a representative or noble-gas element

A

valence electron

103
Q

the chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots equal in number to the number of valence electrons present in atoms of the element
The general practice in writing

A

lewis symbol

104
Q

If an atom gains one or more electrons

A

it becomes a negatively charged ;

105
Q

if an atom loses one or more electrons,

A

it becomes a positively charged

106
Q

ionic bond model

A

+1,2,3 -1,23

107
Q

Ionic compounds are always

A

NEUTRAL

108
Q

Ionic bonds form between atoms of

A

dissimilar elements (metal + nonmetal).

109
Q

Covalent bond occurs between

A

similar or even identical atoms (often two nonmetals are involved)

110
Q

Ionic bond =

A

ELECTRON TRANSFER

111
Q

Covalent bond =

A

Electron sharing

112
Q

written statement that uses chemical symbols and chemical formulas instead of words to describe the changes that occur in a chemical reaction

A

chemical equation

113
Q

written on the left side of equation,

A

Reactants

114
Q

written on the right side of equation,

A

Product

115
Q

a process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change

A

chemical reaction

116
Q

a reaction in which a single product is produced from two (or more) reactants

A

combination reaction

117
Q

a chemical reaction in which a single reactant is converted into two (or more) simpler substances (elements or compounds

A

decomposition reaction

118
Q

chemical reaction in which an atom or molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms from a compound

A

single-replacement

119
Q

a chemical reaction in which two substance exchange parts with one another and form two different substances

A

double-replacement

120
Q

a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen (usually from air) that proceeds with the evolution of heat and light (usually from a flame)

A

combustion reaction

121
Q

ounce to g

A

23 g

122
Q

lb to g

A

454 g

123
Q

l to quarts

A

1.06 quarts

124
Q

inch to cm

A

2.54 cm

125
Q

m to in

A

39.4 in

126
Q

km to mile

A

o.621 mile

127
Q

kg to lb

A

2.20 lb

128
Q

oz to g

A

28.3 g

129
Q

quart to liter

A

0.946 liter

130
Q

liter to gallon

A

0.265

131
Q

ml to fl oz

A

0.038

132
Q
A

MLS111 (13 decks)

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