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CHEM > CHEM Vocab EXAM 1 > Flashcards

CHEM Vocab EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A ___ is made up of only one component, and its composition does not vary.

A

pure substance

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2
Q

A ____ is a substance composed of two or more components in proportions that can vary from one sample to another.

A

mixture

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3
Q

___ can not be chemically broken down or decomposed into simpler substances.

A

Elements

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4
Q

___ are composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed definite ratio.

A

Compounds

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5
Q

Basic submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter.

A

Atoms

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6
Q

Substances formed when two or more atoms come together (bond) in specific geometric arrangements.

A

Molecules

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7
Q

Two or more metals in a homogenous mix.

A

Alloy

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8
Q

A set of tested hypotheses forms the basis for a ___ , but it is testable, fallible, subject to
modification after more observation.

A

theory

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9
Q

A possible explanation for an observation.

A

hypothesis

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10
Q

Summarizes what happens.

A

Law

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11
Q

___ are brief summaries of experimental data.

A

Laws

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12
Q

“Matter is neither created nor destroyed” is the definition of which law?

A

Law of conservation of mass

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13
Q

“A given compound always contains exactly the same proportions of elements by mass” is which law?

A

Law of definite proportions

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14
Q

When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with 1 gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers. What law is this?

A

Law of multiple proportions

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15
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called what?

A

Isotopes

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16
Q

The # of protons + # of neutrons in the nucleus of that particular isotope is called what?

A

mass number (A)

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17
Q

The # of protons in an atom is called it’s what?

A

atomic number

18
Q

a positively charged ion

A

cation

19
Q

a negatively charged ion

A

anion

20
Q

What forms when a neutral atom loses electrons?

A

cation

21
Q

What forms when a neutral atom gains electrons?

A

anion

22
Q

Quantities used to specify measurements.

A

units

23
Q

What is the SI base unit for measuring temperature?

A

Kelvin (K)

24
Q

What is the SI base unit for measuring amount of substance?

A

Mole (mol)

25
Q

What is the SI base unit for measuring length?

A

meter (m)

26
Q

What is the SI base unit for measuring mass?

A

Kilograms (kg)

27
Q

What is the SI base unit for measuring time?

A

seconds (sec)

28
Q

The capacity to do work is called what?

A

energy

29
Q

___ is defined as the action of a force through a distance.

A

Work

30
Q

The energy associated with the motion of an object is called what?

A

Kinetic energy

31
Q

The energy associated with the position or composition of an object.

A

potential energy

32
Q

Energy associated with the temperature of an object.

A

Thermal energy

33
Q

The SI unit for energy is what?

A

The Joule (J)

34
Q

The English unit for energy is what?

A

The calorie (cal)

35
Q

What kind of process has energy flowing into a system and absorbing energy from the surroundings?

A

Endothermic

36
Q

What kind of process has energy flowing out of a system and releases energy to the surroundings?

A

Exothermic

37
Q

Part of the universe on which we wish to focus attention is called what?

A

A system

38
Q

Everything else in the universe besides the system is called what?

A

The surroundings

39
Q

An atom or molecule with a net charge caused by the loss of gain of electrons is called what?

A

Ion

40
Q

A kind of property that is independent of the amount of the substance.

A

intensive

41
Q

A kind of property that depends on the amount of the substance.

A

extensive

42
Q

What kind of potential energy arises mostly from electrostatic forces between protons and electrons?

A

chemical potential energy

CHEM (2 decks)

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