Chem Unit 3 Lesson 3 Flashcards
What is stoichiometry?
the study of the mass and amount
relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction
What is the mole ratio?
The ratio of the amounts of the entities in a chemical reaction
Mole ratio can be used to determine________?
the amount of substance (in moles) of any product or reactant in a
chemical reaction
What is Mole ratio is based on?
the coefficients in a balanced
chemical reaction
What are stoichiometric amounts?
An amount of reactant that is in the same proportion as the reactant coefficients in the balanced chemical
equation
When stoichiometric amounts of reactants are available
for a chemical reaction, no reactants should_________?
remain when the reaction is complete (assuming the reaction goes to
completion)
What is a Limiting reagent?
the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction
What is an excess reagent?
the reactant that is still present after the reaction is complete
Reason #1 of why we care about limiting reagents?
Reducing costs – companies will choose the most expensive reactant to be the limiting reactant, while the least expensive reactant as the excess
(ensuring that none of the expensive
reactant is wasted)
Reason 2 on why we care about limiting reagents?
Reducing environmental impact – controlling the limiting and excess reagents can make manufacturing processes more environmentally
friendly
Reason 3 on why we care about limiting reagents?
Environmental cleanup– neutralizing environmental pollutants can involve the use of limiting and excess reagents
What is an example for reason 2?
Metal smelting (a way to obtain metals and metal oxides, but a large producer of sulfur dioxide waste,
which forms sulfuric acid with atmospheric water and falls as acid rain), is done with an excess of oxygen so all sulfur is converted to sulfur dioxide, which is collected and converted into sulfur acid to be used in industry (economical and much better for the environment)
What is an example for reason 3?
water contaminated with toxic metal ions (from mining operations), can be precipitated as metal hydroxides by adding a large excess of a base like
sodium hydroxide
-The metal hydroxide precipitates are then filtered out!
What is reason 4 that we care about limiting reagents?
Improving fuel efficiency– obtaining the most possible energy from our home furnaces, car engines, BBQ’s, burners, etc is important both economically and for
efficiency
Example for reason 4?
Complete combustion releases more energy (per mole of fuel) than incomplete combustion – and to assure this, enough oxygen must be supplied (usually present in the air)