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Chem Test Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Theory

A

a generalized explanation of a set of related observations or events supported by research and good arguments.

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2
Q

Law

A

a generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions.

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3
Q

Atom

A

the smallest unit of an element that has all the elements properties.

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4
Q

Atomic Theory

A

the theory that explains the nature of matter; study of the nature of atoms and how they combine to form all types of matter.

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5
Q

Proton

A

a positively charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of an atom.

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6
Q

Neutron

A

a neutrally charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

Electron

A

a negatively charged particle in an atom, located outside of the nucleus.

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

the centre of an atom, where most of the atoms mass is concentrated, and has all the atoms positive charge.

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9
Q

Electron Cloud / Electron Orbital

A

an orbital/cloud electrons circulate around the nucleus.

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10
Q

Subatomic Particles

A

a particle that makes up an atom, electrons, protons and neutrons.

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11
Q

Relative Mass

A

the mass of an object in comparison to the mass of another object.

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12
Q

Metals

A

elements that are malleable and ductile, and conduct electricity and heat; most elements are metals.

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13
Q

Metalloids

A

elements with metallic and non-metallic properties, decent conductors.

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14
Q

Non-Metals

A

elements that do not resemble metals; non-metals are brittle and generally do not conduct electricity and heat.

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15
Q

Alloy

A

a solution of two or more metals.

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16
Q

Chemical Symbol

A

A one or two letter abbreviation used to designate an element.

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17
Q

Chemical Formula

A

a formula that identifies which elements, and how many atoms or ions of each, are in a compound.

18
Q

Periodic Table

A

a chart that organizes all of the elements in rows and columns.

19
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses.

20
Q

Periodic Law

A

a generalized description starting that elements arranged in order of atomic numbers show a periodic repetition of properties.

21
Q

Atomic Number

A

the number of protons in an atom of an element.

22
Q

Atomic Mass

A

the average mass of an elements atoms.

23
Q

Atomic Mass Units (AMU)

A

a unit of measure used to measure an atoms mass.

24
Q

Mass Number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atoms.

25
Q

Ion

A

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge as the result of losing or gaining electrons.

26
Q

Ion Charge

A

an electric charge that an atom or group of joined atoms takes on when it loses or gains electrons.

27
Q

Transition Metals

A

Elements in the middle of the periodic table.

28
Q

Period

A

one of 7 horizontal rows in the periodic table.

29
Q

Group / Family

A

one of 18 vertical columns in the periodic table; classifications of elements with certain shared physical and chemical properties (also knows as a chemical family)

30
Q

Alkali Metals

A

elements found in group 1 of the periodic table, these metals have low melting points and react easily with water and air.

31
Q

Halogens

A

Elements found in group 17 of the periodic table; these non-metals are all very reactive

32
Q

Noble Gases

A

Elements found in group 18 of the periodic table; these gases are not chemically reactive except in certain special situations.

33
Q

Property

A

a characteristic that describes a substance.

34
Q

Physical Property

A

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured.

35
Q

Chemical Property

A

a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a new substance or substances; how a substance interacts with other substances, such as acids, or how it reacts to heat and light.

36
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

37
Q

Compound

A

a pure substance made from two or more elements that are chemically combined together.

38
Q

Molecule

A

a group of atoms that share electrons; molecular compounds contain molecules.

39
Q

Physical Change

A

a type of change where the physical properties of matter change, not chemical.

40
Q

Chemical Change

A

a change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance or substances.

41
Q

Bohr Diagram

A

consists of a small nucleus (positively charged) surrounded by negative electrons moving around the nucleus in orbits. Electrons of higher energy level are on father orbits from the nucleus

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