Chem Test Ch. 11-12

Question 1

chemical equation

Answer 1

a representation of a chemical reaction

Question 2

balanced equation

Answer 2

each side has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is converved

Question 3

combination (synthesis)

Answer 3

element + element -> compound

Question 4

decomposition

Answer 4

compound -> element + element

Question 5

single - replacement

Answer 5

element + compound -> compound + element

Question 6

anionic

Answer 6

metals or hydrogen will switch

Question 7

cationic

Answer 7

nonmetals or groups 17 halogens will switch

Question 8

combustion

Answer 8

hydrocarbon + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

Question 9

stoichiometry

Answer 9

calculation of quantities in chemical reactions is a subject of chemistry

Question 10

mole ratio

Answer 10

a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation interpreted in terms of moles

Question 11

limiting reagent

Answer 11

the reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed

Question 12

excess reagent

Answer 12

the reactant that is not completely used up

Question 13

theoretical yield

Answer 13

maximum amount that can be formed

Question 14

actual yield

Answer 14

the amount that actually forms

Question 15

percent yield

Answer 15

ratio of yields: actual/theoretical x 100%

Question 16

List the 7 diatomic gases

Answer 16

HONClBrI

Question 17

Write the formulas for the seven diatomic gases

Answer 17

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Question 18

List the three conversion factors used in stoichiometry

Answer 18

1. Molar mass conversion factor (g/mol)
2. Avogadro’s # conversion factor (particles/mol)
3. Volume conversion factor for gases at STP (22.4L/mol)

Question 19

Write the formula for theoretical yield

Answer 19

theoretical yield = actual or experimental yield x molar mass of desired product/molar mass of reactant x coefficients of desired product/coeddiecients of reactant

Question 20

How is the actual yield obtained?

Answer 20

The actual yield is obtained through experimental measurements conducted in a laboratory setting.

Question 21

How is the theoretical yield obtained?

Answer 21

The theoretical yield is obtained through stoichiometric calculations based on the amount of reactants used in a chemical reaction.

Question 22

What is the maximum value for percent yield?

Answer 22

100%

Question 23

Substances on the right of chemical equation are called

Answer 23

products

Question 24

Substances on the left of the chemical equation are called?

Answer 24

reactants

Question 25

What do the coefficients represent in a chemical reaction?

Answer 25

stoichiometric ratios of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Question 26

Compare quantities between two compounds in terms of mass(grams), moles, and molecules.

Answer 26

Mass: Convert between grams using molar mass.
Moles: Convert between moles using Avogadro’s number.
Molecules: Convert between molecules using Avogadro’s number.

Question 27

Predict the products of a combustion reaction

Answer 27

The products of a combustion reaction typically involve carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

Question 28

Predict the products of single replacement reaction

Answer 28

The products of a single replacement reaction depend on the specific reactants involved.

Question 29

Predict the products of a double replacement reaction

Answer 29

The products of a double replacement reaction are typically two new compounds

Question 30

Distinguish between cationic and anionic single replacement

Answer 30

In a cationic single replacement, a metal (which forms cations) replaces another metal in a compound. For example: Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s).
In an anionic single replacement, a nonmetal (which forms anions) replaces another nonmetal in a compound. For example: Cl2(g) + 2NaBr(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(l).