4, 5, 6 Test Flashcards
The sum of these subatomic particles equal the atomic number
protons
An equal numbers of these particles results in a neutral atom
protons and electrons
A gain of these creates an anion
electrons
This particle is located outside the nucleus
electrons
A change in these particles changes the identity of the element
protons
The majority of the mass of the atom is contributed by these particles
protons and neutrons
These particles are neutral
neutrons
Which color would possess the lowest energy?
red
Which color would have the shortest wavelength?
blue
The cathode ray is composed of
electrons
According to this principle, the 2s orbital must be filled before the 2p orbital
Aufbau
Which orbital is impossible to exist according to quantum mechanics?
1p
Nitrogen is located in which block?
p
If isotope A has a mass of 5.0 grams and isotope B has a mass of 6.0 grams and both contain the same number of protons, and there are only two isotopes both of which contain 50% of abundance. Calculate the average atomic mass
a) 5.25 amu
b) 5.60 amu
c) 5.75 amu
d) none of these
none of these
The last two electrons of CI are located in which orbital?
p
How many electrons does a subshell of f orbitals contain?
14
Which element contains 2 protons?
helium
He conducted the gold foil experiment
Rutherford
He proposed the plum-putting model
Thomson
This was the first scientist to propose that atoms form compounds in simple whole number ratio
Dalton
He discovered the nucleus of the atom
Rutherford
He first proposed that the atom is composed of positive and negative charges
Thomson
He showed that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific energy levels
Bohr
He first demonstrated that most of the atom’s volume consists of the electron cloud
Rutherford
Which quantum number, represents the subshell of an atom
angular momentum
What is the ratio of mass of sulfur to the mass of oxygen in the molecule SO
2:1
Which is false concerning the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and hydrogen gas?
[H2O2 –> O2 +H2]
The mass of hydrogen atoms in peroxide is less than the mass of hydrogen in hydrogen gas
The energy level of the outermost electrons of vanadium is located in the
fourth
What element is represented by the [Ar] 4s2 3d1
scandium
Which of the following orbital is at the highest energy level
4f
A positive ion is a
caltion
how many electrons does the first energy level contain?
2
Group 1 and 2 (alkaline and alkali earth metals respectively) are part of the
s block
What is the correct order that orbitals must be filled
1s–> 2s –> 2p –> 3s –> 3p –> 4s –> 3d
–> 4p
How many electrons does a neutral atom of sodium ion contain?
11
Which orbital is shaped like a sphere?
s
The elements of the fourth period of the periodic table contain which subshells?
s & p & d
The lowest state of energy an atom is its
ground state
Which subatomic particles are not held by nuclear forces?
protons and electrons
This property results in a cation
ionization energy
The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom
ionization energy
This property increases down a group and decreases across a period
atomic radius (atomic size)
The measure of the ability of an atom to attract an electron in a chemical compound
electronegativity
He proposed moving the lanthanides and the actinides from the main body of the periodic table
Seaborg
He grouped elements into triads
Dobereiner
He proposed the law of octaves
Newlands
He arranged the periodic table according to increasing atomic number
Moseley
Both of these scientists arranged elements according to increasing atomic mass
Mendeleev and Meyer
These elements are not included as part of the main group elements
transition elements
These elements rarely form compounds
noble gases
This group loses two electrons
akkalune earth metals
These are the most reactive of the nonmetals
halogens
Which element has more metallic character
Sulfur
Which element is smaller
Fluorine
Which element has a lower electronegativity
Sodium
Which element has a larger radius
Francium
Which element has a stronger electron affinity
Carbon
Which metal is the most reactive
Potassium
Which nonmetal is the most reactive
Fluorine
Explain why smaller atoms have greater ionization energies
The electrons are being held in closer to the protons, which have opposing charges and therefore hold on to them, in an atom with a small radius
Smaller atoms have lower negativity than larger atoms. If helium is the smallest atom, why is fluorine identified as the element with the greatest electronegativity?
It can strongly attract a shared pair of electrons toward itself
