Chem Sep Flashcards
Why are LLEs better than Column chromatrographies?
they require less time and less solvent
solvent
Substance that dissolves solute in a solution
immiscible layers
layers that form when components that do not mix are combined
Two immiscible layers in this experiment are what?
Organic layer and Aqueous layer
The organic layer is
Non-polar
The aqueous layer is
Polar
What affects solubility
Polarity, charge under acidic/neutral/basic conditions, pH of the aqueous solution
Non-polar molecule
A molecule with a zero or near-zero dipole moment
Biphasic mixture
A mixture of two immiscible phases
Polar molecule
A molecule with a non-zero molecular dipole moment
A substance will be soluble in another if
their intermolecular interactions decrease the energy of the chemical system
LDF’s
Non-Polar molecules experience this, they will be found in the organic layers bc of LDF’s
Dipole-Dipole interactions
Polar molecules experience this
H bonding
dipole interactions between H, N, F and O
Ion-dipole
Ions are soluble in POLAR because charges interact with electronegativites
Functional groups
an atom or group within a molecule with a specific bonding pattern
Examples: Carboxylic, Amine, Alcohol
Why is deprotonating the molecule important
the conjugate base can underfo ion-dipole interactions
Acids will be found in
organic layer in acidic conditions
organic layer in neutral conditions
basic aqueous layer
Bases will be found in
organic layer in basic and neutral conditions
acidic aqueous layer
Equation of concentration
K = C0/Ca
K = (Total - extracted)/Volume of organic/(extracted)/V of aqueous
