chem review Flashcards
what are the different types of bonds?
ionic, covalent, hydrogen, van der waals interactions
what are the strongest bonds?
covalent bonds
what are ionic bonds?
atoms lose or gain electrons
what are covalent bonds?
atoms share one or more valence electrons
polar: shared unequally
nonpolar: shared equally
what are hydrogen bonds?
a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms
what are van der waals interactions?
weak attractions between molecules in close proximity to each other
what is a cation?
an ion that has a positive charge
what is an anion?
an ion that has a negative charge
what is an isotope?
a form of an element that differs in its number of neutrons
what is a radioisotope?
a radioactive isotope of an element formed by unstable nuclei
what is polarity?
uneven partial charge distribution
what are the different types of reactions?
neutralization, redox, condensation, hydrolysis
what is a neutralization reaction?
an acid and a base combine to create a salt and water
what is a redox reaction?
an electron transfer reaction
reduction: gain of electrons
oxidation: loss of electrons
what is a condensation reaction?
two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, water is removes
