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CHEM > Chem Quiz 9/6 > Flashcards

Chem Quiz 9/6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what were cathode Ray Tubes used for?

A

Studying electrical discharge

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2
Q

How did cathode ray tubes work?

A

Applying a voltage across the electrodes, and evacuating air. Caused a spark which became a continuous beam

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3
Q

How did cathode ray tubes lead to the discovery of the electron?

A

Attraction/repulsion to magnetic fields

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4
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

JJ Thomson

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5
Q

What did JJ Thomson’s experiment do?

A

Measure the force necessary to deflect the rays from the cathode stream

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6
Q

What did JJ Thomson’s results say the amount of deflection was dependent on?

A

Charge and mass of the particles

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7
Q

Who measured the charge of an electron? When?

A

Robert Millikan, 1909

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8
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

-1.60 x 10 ^-19

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9
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

9.10 x 10^-28 g

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10
Q

What was the early (1900s) model for atoms? Who created it, and what did it look like?

A

Plum pudding model, JJ thomson. Positive sphere of matter, electrons interspersed through it.

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11
Q

Who discovered the three types of radiation? What were they, and what were their charges

A

Ernest Rutherford- alpha (+), beta (-), gamma (unaffected by electric field)

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12
Q

What was Rutherford’s gold foil experiment? What did this prove?

A

Shooting alpha particles at gold foil and watching scatter (proved plum pudding model incorrect)

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13
Q

What was Rutherford’s model of the atom?

A

Small, dense nucleus with electrons outside. Atom is mostly empty space.

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14
Q

What were the 3 parts of Rutherford’s nuclear theory?

A
  1. Most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge were held in the nucleus
  2. Most of the atom’s volume is outside the nucleus, an empty space where there are just electrons
  3. The atom is completely neutral- #protons=#electrons
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15
Q

What is a neutron’s mass? Who discovered it?

A

1 amu, Sir James Chadwick

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16
Q

How are elements ordered on the periodic table?

A

Atomic #- number of protons

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17
Q

What is it called when a proton gains/loses an electron?

A

ion

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18
Q

What is it called when a proton gains an electron?

A

Anion

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19
Q

What is it called when a proton loses an electron?

A

Cation

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20
Q

What is different in isotopes?

A

Number of neutrons

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21
Q

Who discovered isotopes?

A

Frederick Soddy

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22
Q

How are isotopes identified?

A

Mass #s

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23
Q

How do you represent isotopes in writing?

A

Mass #
Chemical symbol
Atomic #

                 OR Chemical symbol/name- Mass #
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24
Q

How do you calculate average atomic mass?

A

(Fraction of isotope) x (Mass of isotope) Repeat for all isotopes

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25
Q

How are masses of atoms sorted to determine isotopes?

A

Mass spectometry- separates atoms by isotopes

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26
Q

Who is credited with creating the periodic table? What did they have in common?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer

Both agreed elements should be arranged in order of increasing atomic weight

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27
Q

Who created the concept of atomic numbers? When?

A

Henrey Moseley, 2 years after Rutherford’s atomic model

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28
Q

What did Henry Moseley discover about each element?

A

Has a unique frequency

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29
Q

How did Henry Moseley arrange the elements?

A

Increasing atomic number,

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30
Q

Which elements are main group elements?

A

Groups 1-2A and 3A-8A (Any group with an A)

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31
Q

Which elements are transition elements?

A

Groups 3B- 2B (Any in low block, including bottom elements, which are inner transition elements)

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32
Q

Are transition or main group elements predictable based on their position?

A

Main group

33
Q

Are metal oxides ionic or molecular?

A

Ionic

34
Q

Are metal oxides ionic or molecular?

A

Molecular

35
Q

Are most metal oxides acidic or basic?

A

Basic

36
Q

Are most nonmetal oxides acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

37
Q

Do metals tend to form anions or cations in aqueous solutions?

A

cations

38
Q

Do nonmetals tend to form anions or cations in aqueous solutions?

A

anions or oxyanions

39
Q

What is an oxyanion?

A

An anion that has at least one oxygen atom chemically bonded to a different element, eg sulfate/carbonate ions

40
Q

What are some characteristics of metalloids?

A

Semi-conductors (Temperature dependent conductivity), often used in computers,

41
Q

What are some metalloids?

A

Boron, silicon, arsenic, germanium, antimony, tellurium, astatine

42
Q

What group are the alkali metals?

A

Group I (minus hydrogen)

43
Q

What group are the alkaline earth metals?

A

Group 2

44
Q

What groups are the transition metals?

A

Groups 3-12

45
Q

What period are lathanoids?

A
46
Q

What period is the actinide series?

A
47
Q

What are the properties of alkali metals?

A

Soft, metallic solids. Only found in compounds in nature, not elemental sources. Low density, VERY reactive with water

48
Q

What are the properties of Alkaline earth metals?

A

Harder than alkali metals, more dense, higher melting points, less reactive with water

49
Q

What group are halogens?

A

7A, plus hydrogen

50
Q

What elements are hydrogens?

A

FOHN

51
Q

What group are the noble gases?

A

8A

52
Q

What traits do noble gases have?

A

Nonmetals, inert, monatomic (Radon typically ignored bc radioactive)

53
Q

What does isoelectronic mean?

A

2 different atoms with the same # of electrons

54
Q

What are atoms hoping to achieve with their electrons?

A

Stability (Be inert, like noble gases)

55
Q

Do metals gain or lose electrons to become more stable?

A

Lose (form cations)

56
Q

Do nonmetals gain or lose electrons to become more stable?

A

Gain (form anions)

57
Q

How do you measure the distance of a wavelength?

A

Peak to peak or trough to trough

58
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

Its height

59
Q

What determines the color of a wavelength?

A

Its frequency

60
Q

What determines the brightness of a wavelength?

A

Its amplitude

61
Q

What is white light?

A

All colors of light mixed together

62
Q

What is color? How do we see it?

A

Where all wavelengths of light aren’t absorbed. It’s reflected

63
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The amount of waves in a distance per unit of time

64
Q

How are frequencies measured?

A

Hertz

65
Q

Are frequency and wavelength proportional?

A

Yes, inversely

66
Q

What do waves of energy depend on?

A

Amplitude and frequency

67
Q

How fast do electromagnetic waves move?

A

Light speed- 3 x 10^8 m/s

68
Q

Constructive interference

A

Similar waves combine to create a larger one

69
Q

Destructive interference

A

Differing waves combine to cancel each other out

70
Q

Wave diffraction

A

When waves travel through an opening in a barrier, they form bends around it.

|
)
|
)
|

If there are 2, the waves interact changing their intensity (constructive and destructive)

71
Q

Wavelengths, from shortest to longest

A

gamma, x rays, uv rays, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radiowaves

GXUVIMR

72
Q

Radio waves

A

Audio signals, cell phone frequencoes, wi fi, mris

73
Q

Microwaves

A

Heat food by interacting with water

74
Q

Infrared

A

Heating from light fixture of electric stovetop, night vision goggles

75
Q

Visible light

A

ROYGBIV

76
Q

UV

A

Sunlight, tanning beds, UV lamps

77
Q

X rays

A

Medical imaging

78
Q

Gamma rays

A

Used for cancer treatment

79
Q
A

CHEM (10 decks)

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