Chem Exam 1 (9/17) Flashcards
What shape are S orbitals? ,
spherical (radius increases with n)
When n is greater than or = to 2 s orbitals have ____________. Formula is _________
radial nodes, n-l-1
What shape are P orbitals?.
2 lobes with an angular node between them
What is the l value of a P orbital?
1
What is the formula for total nodes of a p orbital?
n-1
ml labels are _________
random
What shape are d orbitals?
4 lobes, or a p orbital with a doughnut
What is the l value for d orbitals?
2
How many angular nodes do all d orbitals have?
2
What shape are f orbitals?
8 lobes
What’s the l value for f orbitals?
3
How many angular nodes do f orbitals have?
3
Spin describes ___________, which affects _________.
magnetic field, energy
All e- have same amount of _____, but don’t have the same ________ in the same ________
spin, energy, orbital
Principle (n)-
1-7, describes distance from nucleus
Angular momentum (l) range
0-n-1
Magnetic quantum number range and formula for number of values,
-l to l, formula 2l+1
Spin quantum- ms. can only be ________, which is determined by the
+/- 1/2, (Direction of e- spin)
Orbital diagram- 1 box per _____________ each holds _______
orbital (1s, 2s, 2-, etc), 2 e-
What does l describe?
shape of orbital (n-1) times 4
How do you calculate the total number of nodes in a p orbital?
N-1
What does the magnetic quantum number tell you?
(3D orientation of orbital)
Pauli exclusion principle-
no 2 e- will have all 4 same quantum numbers (e- must have opposite spins)
Same energy level
degenerate
As # of e- increases, so does __________
repulsion
In a many electron atom, e- are both attracted to the ________ and repelled by ____________ in atom
nucleus, each other
Effective nuclear charge is a net charge attracting _____ to __________
e-. nucleus
What is the formula for effective nuclear charge? What do the variables mean?
(Zeff=Z-S)
Z= atomic #
S= # of e-
The ________ e- are shielded by the ____________ e-
outer, inner
Aufbau principle-
Lowest orbitals filled first
Hund’s rule
Ground state e- configuration results in max e- spin
e-/e- shielding comes from __________ and ___________ the atom
repusion, destabilizes
Why doesn’t the nucleus fall apart from e- repulsion?
The core e- shield VEs from full nuclear charge
What directions lead to largest atomic radii? Why?
Bottom left,
What directions lead to highest first ionization energy? Why?
Top right,
What directions lead to highest e- affinity? Why?
Left, top or bottom isn’t consistent
What directions lead to highest metallic character? Why?
Bottom left,
What are the 2 exceptions to the first IEs?
Between groups II and 3 where e- is removed from p orbital
And 6A because paired e- results in repulsion, which makes it easier to remove (3 happy scenarios)
Order these by decreasing size (All are isolelectronic): K+, Cl-, Ca2+, S2-
S2-, Cl-, K+, Ca2+
Does bigger mass= bigger atom?
No
What do all atoms want to be like?
Noble gas
How do you find the n value for s?
n
How do you find the n value for d?
n-1
How do you find the n value for p?
n
How do you find the n value for f?
n-2
What does a pseudo noble gas configuration have?
18 e-
What does isolelectronic mean?
ions with same e- configuration
What is the mass of an e-?
9.11 x 10^-28
