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CHEM > Chem Exam 1 (9/17) > Flashcards

Chem Exam 1 (9/17) Flashcards

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1
Q

What shape are S orbitals? ,

A

spherical (radius increases with n)

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2
Q

When n is greater than or = to 2 s orbitals have ____________. Formula is _________

A

radial nodes, n-l-1

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3
Q

What shape are P orbitals?.

A

2 lobes with an angular node between them

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4
Q

What is the l value of a P orbital?

A

1

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5
Q

What is the formula for total nodes of a p orbital?

A

n-1

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6
Q

ml labels are _________

A

random

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7
Q

What shape are d orbitals?

A

4 lobes, or a p orbital with a doughnut

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8
Q

What is the l value for d orbitals?

A

2

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9
Q

How many angular nodes do all d orbitals have?

A

2

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10
Q

What shape are f orbitals?

A

8 lobes

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11
Q

What’s the l value for f orbitals?

A

3

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12
Q

How many angular nodes do f orbitals have?

A

3

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13
Q

Spin describes ___________, which affects _________.

A

magnetic field, energy

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14
Q

All e- have same amount of _____, but don’t have the same ________ in the same ________

A

spin, energy, orbital

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15
Q

Principle (n)-

A

1-7, describes distance from nucleus

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16
Q

Angular momentum (l) range

A

0-n-1

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17
Q

Magnetic quantum number range and formula for number of values,

A

-l to l, formula 2l+1

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18
Q

Spin quantum- ms. can only be ________, which is determined by the

A

+/- 1/2, (Direction of e- spin)

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19
Q

Orbital diagram- 1 box per _____________ each holds _______

A

orbital (1s, 2s, 2-, etc), 2 e-

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20
Q

What does l describe?

A

shape of orbital (n-1) times 4

21
Q

How do you calculate the total number of nodes in a p orbital?

A

N-1

22
Q

What does the magnetic quantum number tell you?

A

(3D orientation of orbital)

23
Q

Pauli exclusion principle-

A

no 2 e- will have all 4 same quantum numbers (e- must have opposite spins)

24
Q

Same energy level

A

degenerate

25
Q

As # of e- increases, so does __________

A

repulsion

26
Q

In a many electron atom, e- are both attracted to the ________ and repelled by ____________ in atom

A

nucleus, each other

27
Q

Effective nuclear charge is a net charge attracting _____ to __________

A

e-. nucleus

28
Q

What is the formula for effective nuclear charge? What do the variables mean?

A

(Zeff=Z-S)
Z= atomic #
S= # of e-

29
Q

The ________ e- are shielded by the ____________ e-

A

outer, inner

30
Q

Aufbau principle-

A

Lowest orbitals filled first

31
Q

Hund’s rule

A

Ground state e- configuration results in max e- spin

32
Q

e-/e- shielding comes from __________ and ___________ the atom

A

repusion, destabilizes

33
Q

Why doesn’t the nucleus fall apart from e- repulsion?

A

The core e- shield VEs from full nuclear charge

34
Q

What directions lead to largest atomic radii? Why?

A

Bottom left,

35
Q

What directions lead to highest first ionization energy? Why?

A

Top right,

36
Q

What directions lead to highest e- affinity? Why?

A

Left, top or bottom isn’t consistent

37
Q

What directions lead to highest metallic character? Why?

A

Bottom left,

38
Q

What are the 2 exceptions to the first IEs?

A

Between groups II and 3 where e- is removed from p orbital
And 6A because paired e- results in repulsion, which makes it easier to remove (3 happy scenarios)

39
Q

Order these by decreasing size (All are isolelectronic): K+, Cl-, Ca2+, S2-

A

S2-, Cl-, K+, Ca2+

40
Q

Does bigger mass= bigger atom?

A

No

41
Q

What do all atoms want to be like?

A

Noble gas

42
Q

How do you find the n value for s?

A

n

43
Q

How do you find the n value for d?

A

n-1

44
Q

How do you find the n value for p?

A

n

45
Q

How do you find the n value for f?

A

n-2

46
Q

What does a pseudo noble gas configuration have?

A

18 e-

47
Q

What does isolelectronic mean?

A

ions with same e- configuration

48
Q

What is the mass of an e-?

A

9.11 x 10^-28

CHEM (10 decks)

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