Chem Path - Cardiac and Lipids Flashcards
Which of the following is true about proteinuria?
Question 1Select one:
A. Albuminuria is associated with a significantly increased risk of ischaemic stroke
B. Urine albumin is a good indicator of glomerular integrity because it is not reabsorbed by tubular epithelium
C. Micro-albumin is a marker of renal damage since it results from cleavage of albumin by activated tubular epithelial cells
D. When possible it is preferable to measure total urinary protein rather than urinary albumin
E. Presence of albumin is the urine correlates highly with the lipid risk score.
Albuminuria is associated with a significantly increased risk of ischaemic stroke
Which one of the listed substances is a fairly specific serum marker for ventricular dilatation and is used clinically to monitor a patient with congestive heart failure?
Question 2Select one:
a.
Mannan-binding protein (MBP)
b.
5’-nucleotidase (5’-NT)
c.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
d.
β-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
e.
Serum amyloid A (SAA)
BNP
A 65-year-old man on the fifth day of hospitalisation for an acute anterior myocardial infarction has recurrence of chest pain and an increase in both CK-MB and troponins I and T. Examination of the heart and lungs is normal. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the laboratory test abnormalities?
Question 3Select one:
a.
Myocardial rupture
b.
Reinfarction
c.
Right ventricular infarction
d.
Ventricular aneurysm
e.
Papillary muscle dysfunction
Reinfarction
A 25-year-old woman is a type 1 diabetic in ketoacidosis. She has yellow papular lesions on her buttocks and trunk. After refrigeration of a turbid blood sample, there is a turbid supranate and infranate. Each of options below designates a lipid disorder. Select the option that is most closely associated to the above.
Question 4Select one:
a.
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia
b.
Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia
c.
Type V hyperlipoproteinemia
d.
Type II hyperlipoproteinemia
e.
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
Type V hyperlipoproteinemia
A 28-year-old man has bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomas. Each of options below designates a lipid disorder. Select the option that is most closely associated to the above.
Question 5Select one:
a.
Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia
b.
Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia
c.
Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia
d.
Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia
e.
Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia
TYPE II
A 35-year-old man has yellow lesions on his palms and within the palmar creases. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride are both elevated. Each of options below designates a lipid disorder. Select the option that is most closely associated to the above.
Question 6Select one:
a.
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
b.
Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia
c.
Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia
d.
Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia
e.
Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia
Type III
A 42-year-old man has yellow papular lesions on his buttocks and trunk. After refrgeration of a turbid blood sample, there is a turbid infranate without any supranate. Each of options below designates a lipid disorder. Select the option that is most closely associated to the above.
Question 7Select one or more:
a.
Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia
b.
Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia
c.
Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia
d.
Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia -Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia
Type V
A 60 year old woman is prescribed statins following an MI. Statins work by inhibiting HMG Co-A reductase. How does inhibiting HMG Co-A reductase cause cholesterol and LDL levels to be lowered?
Question 8Select one or more:
a.
It increases the serum level of HDL
b.
It promotes catabolism of LDL
c.
It inhibits synthesis of LDL receptors
d.
It inhibits formation of LDL from IDL
e.
It inhibits the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis
It inhibits the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis
A 55 year old man has claudication in his legs from atherosclerosis. His levels of LDL are very high. Which of the following is used to form LDL.
Question 9Select one or more:
a.
Chylomicrons
b.
Cholesterol esters
c.
HDL
d.
IDL
IDL
A patient has a cholesterol of 15.2 mmol/l (n<5.5 mmol/l) together with a strong family history of heart. disease. Familial hypercholesterolemia is suspected. What is the likely biochemical abnormality?
Question 10Select one or more:
a.
Increased conversion of VLDL to LDL
b.
Abnormal LDL receptors
c.
Low activity of 7 alpha hydroxylase
d.
High activity of HMC Co A reducatase
Abnormal LDL receptors
A patient with hereditary type 1 hyperlipidemia presents with elevated levels of chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides in the blood. The main function of the chylomicrons in circulation is to do which of the following?
Question 11Select one or more:
a.
Bind cholesterol esters exclusively
b.
Act as a receptor for triacylglycerol in the liver
c.
Transport lipid from the liver
d.
Transport dietary lipids from the intestine to target tissues
e.
Transport cholesterol from IDL to LDL
Transport dietary lipids from the intestine to target tissues
