Chem of Life Vocab

Question 1

anything that occupies space and has mass.

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

when energy is actually doing work.

Answer 2

Kinetic Energy

Question 3

when energy is inactive or stored.

Answer 3

Potential Energy

Question 4

Energy that is stored in the bonds of chemical substances.

Answer 4

Chemical Energy

Question 5

Energy that results from the movement of charged particles.

Answer 5

Electrical Energy

Question 6

Energy that is directly involved in moving matter.

Answer 6

Mechanical Energy

Question 7

Energy that travels in waves, that is, energy of the electromagnet spectrum, which includes X-rays and infrared, visible light, radio, and ultraviolet waves.

Answer 7

Radiant Energy

Question 8

Unique substances that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods.

Answer 8

Elements

Question 9

The building block of an element, or the smallest particle that still retains its special properties.

Answer 9

Atom

Question 10

Atom with a positive electric charge

Answer 10

Protons

Question 11

Atom with no charge.

Answer 11

Neutrons

Question 12

Atom with a negative charge.

Answer 12

Electron

Question 13

When two or more atoms combine chemically.

Answer 13

Molecules

Question 14

When two or more different atoms bind together to form a molecule, the molecule is more is more specifically referred to as a molecule of a ______.

Answer 14

Compound

Question 15

Occur whenever atoms combine with or dissociate from other atoms.

Answer 15

Chemical Reactions

Question 16

Atom’s outermost shell; Its electrons determine the chemical behavior of the atom.

Answer 16

Valence Shell

Question 17

Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

Answer 17

Ionic Bonds

Question 18

When atoms gain or lose electrons during bonding, their positive and negative charges are no longer balanced and form these charged particles.

Answer 18

Ions

Question 19

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Answer 19

Covalent Bonds

Question 20

Extremely weak bonds that are formed when a hydrogen atom bound to one electron-hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted by another and they form a ‘bridge’ between them.

Answer 20

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 21

Occur when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule, which can be simply represented as A+B–>AB.

Answer 21

Synthesis Reactions

Question 22

Occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions and can be indicated by AB–>A + B.

Answer 22

Decomposition Reactions

Question 23

Involve both synthesis and decomposition reactions: bonds are both made and broken.

Answer 23

Exchange Reactions

Question 24

Lack carbon and tend to be small, simple molecules.

Answer 24

Inorganic Compounds

Question 25

Carbon-containing compounds.

Answer 25

Organic Compounds

Question 26

Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution.

Answer 26

Electrolytes

Question 27

Include sugars and starches, contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 27

Carbohydrates

Question 28

Also called ‘blood sugar’, is the universal cellular fuel.

Answer 28

Glucose

Question 29

Referred to as ‘simple sugars’.

Answer 29

Monosaccharides

Question 30

Referred to as ‘double sugars’ are formed when two simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction.

Answer 30

Disaccharides

Question 31

‘Many sugars’ are long, branching chains of linked simple sugars.

Answer 31

Polysachharides

Question 32

Large and diverse group of organic compounds.

Answer 32

Lipids

Question 33

Or neutral fats are composed of two types of building blocks, fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer 33

Triglycerides