CHEM: Metabolism

Question 1

is the study of chemical processes in living things

Answer 1

biochemistry

Question 2

are large, discrete molecules with biological function linked with their structure

Answer 2

biomolecules

Question 3

Other names for biomolecules are

Answer 3

biopolymers, macromolecules

Question 4

Biomolecules are divided into large classes:

Answer 4

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 5

is the sum total of all biochemical reactions that take place in an organism

Answer 5

metabolism

Question 6

small molecules are converted to larger molecules; consumes energy in the process

Answer 6

oAnabolism

Question 7

large molecules are converted to smaller molecules; releases energy in the process

Answer 7

catabolism

Question 8

is a series of biochemical reactions that
converts starting materials into products

Answer 8

metabolic pathway

Question 9

generate a final product

Answer 9

Linear pathways

Question 10

regenerate the first reactant

Answer 10

Cyclic pathways

Question 11

type of cell: do not possess a nucleus

Question 12

type of cell: possess a nucleus where DNA is stored

Answer 12

Eukaryotic cells

Question 13

cell boundary

Answer 13

Plasma membrane:

Question 14

water-based internal environment of eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

generates energy for the cell in the form of ATP

Answer 15

Mitochondria

Question 16

contains hydrolytic enzymes for degradation of large molecules

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

contains DNA

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

site of protein synthesis

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

Site of Citric Acid Cycle and beta-Oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 19

Matrix

Question 20

50% lipids, 50% proteins

o Transport proteins are found in facilitating the transport of molecules into and out of the membrane

Answer 20

Outer membrane

Question 21

20% lipids, 80% proteins

o Site of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and ATP synthesis; ATP synthase complexes and other catalytic proteins are found in the inner membrane
o Folded in several sites called cristae to increase surface area

Answer 21

inner membrane

Question 22

Four general steps in the biochemical energy production process

Answer 22

1. Digestion
2. Acetyl group formation
3. Citric Acid Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 23

Begins in mouth (saliva contains starch-digesting
enzymes), continues in the stomach (gastric juices), and is completed in small intestine

Answer 23

digestion

Question 24

End products which are absorbed and transported to blood cells from digestion:

Answer 24

1. Glucose and monosaccharides from carbohydrates
2. Amino acids from proteins
3. Fatty acids and glycerol from fats and oils

Question 25

This stage involves numerous reactions which occur both in the cytosol as well as the mitochondria of the cells

Answer 25

Stage 2: Acetyl Group Formation

Question 26

End-product of these oxidations

Answer 26

acetyl CoA

Question 27

The small molecules from Stage 1 are further oxidized

Answer 27

Acetyl Group Formation

Question 28

Takes place inside the mitochondria

Answer 28

Citric acid cycle

Question 29

is oxidized to produce CO2 and
energy

Answer 29

acetyl group

Question 30

Some energy produced in this stage is lost in the form of heat

Answer 30

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 31

1. Takes place in mitochondria
2. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to release H ions and electrons

Answer 31

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation