chem lab final

Question 1

Correctly identify and name laboratory equipment

Question 2

Explain how laboratory equipment is used

Question 3

Identify safety equipment in the lab

Answer 3

eye wash
safety shower
fire extinguisher
fire blanket
fume hoods

Question 4

List guidelines for appropriate clothing and behavior in the lab

Answer 4

wear correct eyes protection
no horse play
don’t work alone
closed toe shoes
long shirts and pants

Question 5

Describe emergency procedures

Answer 5

report any accident
flush cut with clean water and apply pressure
if chemicals come in contact with you, use the eye wash or shower

Question 6

differentiate between exact numbers and measured numbers

Answer 6

exact number: counted quantity
measured number: measured, has significant figures, rounded

Question 7

Determine significant figures and use them correctly in calculations

Question 8

Know the quantities and abbreviations for metric prefixes

Answer 8

maga M
kilo K
Deka da
deci d
cent c
milli m
micro weird u looking things
nano n

Question 9

Differentiate between equality statements and conversion factors

Question 10

Use conversion factors correctly

Question 11

Differentiate between accuracy and precision

Answer 11

accurate is to measure something correctly, while to be precise is to measure something consistently

Question 12

Summarize the scientific method of inquiry

Answer 12

starts with an observation followed by the formulation of a question about what has been observed

Question 13

Calculate density, mass, and volume

Answer 13

volume: measure of the amount of three- dimensional space a substance occupies
mass: measure of the amount of matter in a substance
density: mass divided by volume

Question 14

Interpret data in graphical form

Question 15

Explain how and why cations and anions form

Answer 15

cations-positively charged because they lost an electron
anion-negatively charge because they gained an electron

Question 16

Determine the charge of an ion based on the periodic table or compound name

Question 17

Provide the name and formula of neutral ionic compounds

Question 18

Know common polyatomic ions

Question 19

Differentiate between pure substances and mixtures

Answer 19

mixture: can be separated into it’s components
pure substance: can’t be separated

Question 20

Explain centrifugation and predict where various substances will appear after centrifuging

Question 21

Calculate the percent fat in a sample of milk

Question 22

Draw Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, and skeletal structures

Question 23

Determine the VSEPR form, geometry, and bond angle around a given atom

Question 24

explain the effect of non-bonding electrons on bond angle

Question 25

Differentiate between conformational isomers, structural isomers, stereoisomers, and chiral isomers

Answer 25

conformational isomers: the isomers can be interconverted by rotations about single bonds
structural isomers: isomers that have the same component atoms but they are arranged differently from each other
stereoisomers: isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms, but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space
chiral isomers: non-superposable on its mirror image

Question 26

Calculate the heat given off or absorbed using specific heat

Question 27

Explain how the calorie content of food can be determined in a laboratory

Question 28

Describe the difference between a scientific calorie and a nutritional Calorie

Answer 28

C
cal-1000 C
amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 29

Predict products of condensation reactions

Question 30

identify functional groups

Question 31

Differentiate between theoretical yield and actual yield

Question 32

Calculate a percent yield

Question 33

Identify condensation reactions, hydrolysis reactions, and glycosidic bonds

Question 34

Convert mg/dL to g/mL

Question 35

Calculate percentages of glucose and starch

Question 36

Describe the chemical process of a ripening fruit

Question 37

Explain the concept of “like dissolves like”

Question 38

Predict polarity of molecules based on the polarity of solvents

Question 39

Describe the structure of soap and why it used as a cleaning agent

Question 40

Differentiate between hypotonic and hypertonic solutions

Question 41

Predict the direction of water flow across a semipermeable membrane

Question 42

Describe the processes of osmosis and dialysis/diffusion

Question 43

Determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral based on pH

Question 44

Write a neutralization reaction

Question 45

Explain the process of measuring pH and explain the significance of the value obtained

Question 46

Explain the difference between the lock-and-key and induced-fit models of enzyme activity

Question 47

Describe what happens to an enzyme when it is placed in a solution outside the pH optimum

Question 48

Interpret a graph with multiple data sets