chem- idk gasses or somethign

Question 1

what were the 3 main arguements of the Atomists?

Answer 1

-Matter is made of particles
-nothing between particles
-“nothing exists but atoms and the void”

Question 2

what were the 2 main arguements of the Aristotelians?

Answer 2

-Vacuum is logically impossible, “Nature abhors a vacuum”
-Air has no weight

Question 3

what is the maximum height water can be pumped to?

Answer 3

32 feet, or 11 meters.

Question 4

what did Galileo present as a solution to the 32 feet problem?

Answer 4

resistance to a vacuum or “suction” holds the water up,
nature abhors a vacuum, but only to a height of 32 feet.

Question 5

what was Gasparo Berti’s experiment?

Answer 5

Long tube over inverted basin, all full of water. Water in tube held up by atmospheric pressure, vacuum above water.

Question 6

What did the haters say was above Berti’s water?

Answer 6

“the water gave off spirits” god damn they stupid

Question 7

Who was Evangelista Torricelli?

Answer 7

The man who made the Barometer. (same as berti’s experiment, but using mercury instead of water)

Question 8

What height did the mercury stay at in Torricelli’s Barometer?

Answer 8

760mm

Question 9

How did Torricelli prove there was a vacuum above the mercury?

Answer 9

added water to the bowl while slowly raising the tube. When the end of the tube reached the surface of the water, the mercury fell out and the water rushed in, all the way to the top, proving there was nothing up there blocking the mercury.

Question 10

How did Torricelli interpret his experiments?

Answer 10

“We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of air, and the weight of the air supports the column of mercury.” He also decided that his experiment had failed after he noticed that the mercury fluctuated with changes in the weather.

Question 11

Did Blaise Pascal believe Torricelli?

Answer 11

no, he thought the “sea of air” theory was stupid, and disagreed with the existence of vacuums.

Question 12

What was Pascal’s Puy-de-Dome experiment?

Answer 12

told his brother fLorin Perier to take a barometer up a mountain, and the mercury gradually dropped as altitude increased.

Question 13

Did Pascal change the minds of the Aristotelians?

Answer 13

Somewhat. They admitted that the air supported the mercury, but still didnt believe in vacuums.

Question 14

What are the 4 main permanent gases that make up the atmosphere, and what are their percentages?

Answer 14

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 0.1% other

Question 15

What are the 3 main greenhouse gases, and what percentage of the atmosphere do they make up?

Answer 15

0-4% water vapour, 0.035% CO2, 0.002% methane

Question 16

what percentage of the atmosphere does ozone make up?

Answer 16

0.000 004%

Question 17

what do greenhouse gases do?

Answer 17

retain heat energy in the atmosphere

Question 18

which gases have increased in the last 200 years?

Answer 18

CO2 25%, methane

Question 19

what 4 gases did our atmosphere originally consist of?

Answer 19

helium, hydrogen, ammonia, methane

Question 20

what factors caused the atmosphere to change to today’s state?

Answer 20

volcanoes releasing h2o, co2, and n2

Question 21

who invented the first air pump?

Answer 21

otto von guericke

Question 22

what was von guericke’s copper sphere demonstration? what did it prove?

Answer 22

he put two airtight copper hemispheres together and then pumped out all the air from inside. Due to atmospheric pressure, the sphere could not be pulled apart by 2 teams of 8 horses, until the air was let back into it and it fell apart easily. This proved that atmospheric pressure works in all directions, not just down.

Question 23

who was francisus linus?

Answer 23

a man who refused to believe in vacuums. wrote in 1661 that there was an entity called the Funiculus holding up the mercury in barometers. Some dude named Hobbes also agreed.

Question 24

what was robert boyle’s “experiment 17” in 1660? What was the result?

Answer 24

designed an air pump to test torricelli’s hypothesis that removing the air at the top of a barometer will cause the mercury to fall. Tested by placing a barometer into a container and then pumping out the air. Couldnt lower the pressure enough, blamed it on leaks in the system.

Question 25

after experiment 17, what did boyle define as a vacuum?

Answer 25

“the absence of air”

Question 26

who believed air pressure held the mercury up? who didnt?

Answer 26

YES: torricelli, pascal, descartes, boyle
NO: aristotelians

Question 27

who believed there was a vacuum above the mercury?

Answer 27

YES: torricelli, pascal, boyle
NO: aristotelians, descartes, galileo, hobbes, linus

Question 28

what is boyles law?

Answer 28

pressure and volume of a confined gas have an inverse relationship, until it is compressed into a liquid

Question 29

how does a syringe work?

Answer 29

increasing volume and decreasing pressure inside syringe causes atm pressure to push liquid up into it.