Chem Final

Question 1

isotope

Answer 1

atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 2

how do you determine the number of protons and neutrons?

Answer 2

proton number = electron number = # on the periodic table, to get neutrons you subtract the protons from the atomic mass

Question 3

atomic structure

Answer 3

the structure includes the protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom

Question 4

electronic structure

Answer 4

the structure of the orbitals surrounding a nucleus of an atom

Question 5

How to determine the amount of orbitals an atom has?

Answer 5

using the arrow method, the partnered up down arrows

Question 6

how many orbitals are in the s orbitals?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

how many orbitals are in the p orbitals?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

how many orbitals are in the d orbitals?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

how many orbitals are in the f orbitals?

Answer 9

7

Question 10

how many orbitals does Ne have?

Answer 10

3, (the 1s2, 2s2, 2p6 are all full)

Question 11

what area of the periodic table is the most electronegative?

Answer 11

the upper right corner

Question 12

what area of the periodic table is the most metallic?

Answer 12

the lower left corner

Question 13

what area of the periodic table has the LEAST ionization energy?

Answer 13

the lower left corner

Question 14

what area of the periodic table has the most electron affinity?

Answer 14

the upper right corner

Question 15

what area of the periodic table has the largest atomic radius?

Answer 15

the lower left corner

Question 16

what is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds/ molecules?

Answer 16

ionic has metallic atoms in both the bonds and molecules, while covalent only has non-metallic

Question 17

which is stronger: ionic or covalent bonds?

Answer 17

ionic

Question 18

ionic bonds _________ electrons, while covalent bonds _________ electrons, hence why ionic bonds are stronger

Answer 18

transfer, share

Question 19

what is enthalpy?

Answer 19

the change in energy from reactants to products

Question 20

what does it mean if a reaction is exothermic?

Answer 20

it means it gives off energy, the reactants have more energy than the products (a negative final answer)

Question 21

what does it mean if a reaction is endothermic?

Answer 21

it means that the reaction absorbs energy, the reactants have less energy than the products (positive final answer)

Question 22

what is specific heat?

Answer 22

the amount of heat energy it takes for 1g of a substance to increase by 1 degree C

Question 23

what is the equation used for specific heat?

Answer 23

q = (mass) * (constant) * (change in temp.)

Question 24

If 133.0 J of heat are absorbed by 10.0 g of each substance, Substance A (higher SH) will have a _______ temperature change than Substance B (lower SH)

Answer 24

smaller

Question 25

If 10.0 g of each substance are warmed from 25.0°C to 35.0°C, Substance A (higher SH) will absorb ______ heat than Substance B (lower SH)

Answer 25

more - it takes more energy to change the temperature of A due to its higher SH

Question 26

what does VSEPR stand for? what does it mean?

Answer 26

valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, it is used to predict shapes of molecules based on the electrons in a molecule

Question 27

why can bond angles be less than predicted?

Answer 27

due to lone pairs, they take up more space than bonds do

Question 28

what are the physical properties associated with intermolecular forces?

Answer 28

boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, evaporation point, viscosity, surface tension and solubility

Question 29

when do you see dipole forces occur?

Answer 29

between polar molecules

Question 30

when do you see london dispersion forces occur?

Answer 30

between nonpolar molecules

Question 31

what is the valence bond theory?

Answer 31

a theory that states covalent bonds occur in the crossing over of orbitals

Question 32

what is hybridization?

Answer 32

the redistribution of energy orbitals of individual atoms to give them equal orbitals

Question 33

what is the bond angle and hybridization of a linear molecule?

Answer 33

180, sp

Question 34

what is the bond angle and hybridization of a bent molecule with 1 lone pair?

Answer 34

120, sp2

Question 35

what is the bond angle and hybridization of a trigonal planar molecule?

Answer 35

120, sp2

Question 36

what is the bond angle and hybridization of a bent molecule with 2 lone pairs?

Answer 36

109, sp3

Question 37

what is the bond angle and hybridization of a tetrahedral molecule?

Answer 37

109, sp3

Question 38

what is the bond angle and hybridization of a trigonal pyramidal molecule?

Answer 38

109, sp3