Chem Exam review Flashcards
What is a mechanical mixture?
Heterogenous=mixture of particles with more than one phase (different substances are visible)
What is a homegenous mixture?
Homogeneous=a mixture of particles with only one phase (different substances arent visible)
What is a compound
A compound is 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
What is an element?
An element is 1 type of atom
What is a pure substance?
A pure substance is made up of only 1 type of particle
What is an atom?
A single neutral particle
List all quantitative physical properties:
melting point, boiling point, solubility, hardness, electrical conductivity,
List all qualitative physical properties:
flexibility, ductility, viscosity, luster,texture, mallebility, tastecolour, clarity, state, odour
List all the chemical properties of matter: Property Definition (Meaning)
- Combustibility Substance react with oxygen
- Reactivity
w/water
Substance reacting w/ water - toxicity Substances causing harmful affects
- stability Ability of substance to remain unchanged
- Reactivity w/ air,
acids, other pure
substances
Define Physical Change
Change in substance that does not result in new substance
Define Chemical Change
Change in the composition of a substance
State three examples of physical change
Solubility
Change in shape/form
Change in state
State five clues/evidence of chemical change:
precipitate formed in liquid material New odor or gas bubbles forming
Heat or light produced or absorbed
Hard to reverse
A new colour that hasn’t been there before, formed
How do you calculate volume?
M/D
How do you calculate mass?
VxD
How do you calculate density?
M/V
Where is a proton, and what is it’s charge?
The proton is in in the nucleus and has a positive charge
Where is a neutron and what is it’s charge?
The neutron is also in the nucleus and has neutral charge
Where is an electron, and what is it’s charge?
An electron has negative charge and has a negative charge
State at least three physical properties of metals
Metals
-solid
-shiny
-good conductor
- high malleability
-high ductility
State at least three properties of non-metals
non-metals
-Mostly gas
-not shiny
-poor conductor
-low malleability
-low ductility
State at least 3 properties of ionic compounds
High Melting Point and boiling Point
Electrical conductivity: Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water or
Form crystal strucutures
What is an ionic compound?
Ionic compounds are compounds made up of ions that form charged particles when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses electrons.
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an element
What is the mass number?
Sum of protons and neutrons
What is atomic notation?
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom which has an overall charge—either positive or negative—because the number of protons is different from the number of electrons.
What substance loses electrons to form a positively charged ion?
Metals
What substance gains electrons to form a negatively charged ion?
Non-metals
What is a molecular compound?
A compound that is made from 2 or more elements, sharing electrons generally, molecular compounds form between NON-METAL ELEMENTS
Are all molecular compounds molecules?
Yes, all molecular compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are molecular compounds.
Physical Properties of Covalent Compounds
Strong attraction between atom, weak attraction between molecules, meaning low melting and boiling point
Solubility
Most covalent compounds are not soluble in water
Conductivity
Not conductive
What is the difference between Ionic and Molecular compounds?
Ionic compounds take away electrons to fill there valence shell
Molecular compounds use covalent bonds to share electrons.
How do ionic compounds form
When a positive ion attracts a negative ion to form an ionic bond
Are all compounds molecules?
Yes, but not all molecules are compounds
Where are Akali Metals located?
Group 1
Where are alkaline earth metals?
Group 2
Where are Halogen Gases?
Group 17
Where are Noble gases?
Group 18
Within A period all elements have the same?
Energy Levels/Valence Shells
Within a group all elements have the same number of?
Valence Electrons
Reactivity of metal increases as?
energy level increases
Reactivty of non-metals increase as
energy levels decrease
Atomic radius increases a
the energy level increases from top to bottom
Reactivity of metal increases from
_right__ to _left___ or _top__ to _bottom__.
Reactivity of non-metals increase from
left to right or top to bottom
Atomic radius increases from
right to left or top to bottom
Rank the 4 types of elements on the periodic table from most reactive to least.
- alkali metals: highly reactive
- halogens: highly reactive
- alkali earth metals: reactive
- noble gases: not reactive
a) ____ likes to lose electron(s) to achieve maximum stability. __-___ likes to
gain electron(s) to achieve maximum stability.
Metals like to lose elctrions
Non-metals gain electrons
Why are the Alkali Metals and Halogens so reactive?
- alkali metals only have one valence electron
- halogens are only missing one valence electron
