chem exam Flashcards
Metallic bond
M, M
Covalent bond
NM, NM
Ionic bond
NM, M
when naming formulas that are ionic
you don’t add prefixes
when naming formulas that are covalent
you add prefixes
significant figures steps
Ex. 34.50g and 3450g
- identify Pacific Atlantic
Pacific - decimal Points, read from the left
Atlantic- no points, read from the right - Count #’s from either left or right
0’s after # are counted, 0’s before # are not.
Ex. 34.50g, 4 sig fig. 3450g 3 sig fig
Atom map: protons
center, first ring (VERY close to center NOT option A), second outer ring, floppy bags
center
Atom map: nuetrons
center, first ring (VERY close to center NOT option A), second outer ring, floppy bags
center
Atom map: valence electrons
center, first ring (VERY close to center NOT option A), second outer ring, floppy bags
very outer ring
Atom map: first s orbital
center, first ring (VERY close to center NOT option A), second outer ring, floppy bags
very closest ring
Atom map: p orbital
center, first ring (VERY close to center NOT option A), second outer ring, floppy bags
floppy bags
top left on periodic table
proton + nuetron
bottom on periodic table
nuetron
top left - bottom =
electron
atomic mass
ex. ^65 29Cu natural abundance 30.83% and ^63 29Cu natural abundance 69.17%
multiple top left x natural abundance (but move decimal 2x to the left for NA) + top left2 x NA 2
(65 x .3083) + (63 x .6917)
lewis dot diagram!!
follow the columns for the amount of dots, max 10 per orbital tho. max any at all is 18
ex. 5–> column 5 or column 15
BOHR model steps
Ex. ^16 32.06 S
- ^16- protons, 32.06- protons and neutrons, b/c charge is neutral means protons and nuetrons are equal
- put P^+ = 16 nd N* = 16, circle with an orbital and put 2 dots on it, 2nd orbital 8 dots, third 6 dots. (max 8 dots per orbital)
orbital box (arrows)
1s__ 2s__ 2p__
just calculate how many electrons and see how many left
^16- 32.06
electron configuration (1s^2)
Neon 10
1s^2 1s^2 2p^6
just calculate how many electrons and see how many left
20-10
Democritus
first to conceptualize the existence of atoms (was like everything is made of atoms!)
JJ Thompson
developed plum pudding model
Rutherford
disproved ppm with golden foil experiment
Bohr
invented the Bohr diagram
Schrodinger
published quantum mechanical model, quantum particles + waves
nuclear equation
ex. ^232 90 Th–> ^228 88 Ra + ^A B C
^232- ^228 = A
90-88= B
^A B X, X=C
A=4 B=2 C=H
types of decay:
Alpha decay
nuclear equation is 4/2
types of decay:
Beta decay
nuclear equation has -1
types of decay:
Gamma decay
nuclear equation has 0
periodic table
increasing EN and ionization upward left
increasing EN and ionization going right top
increasing atomic radius right ownward
define electronegativity
the attraction of an atom w/in a bond
define atomic radii
the distance between the nucleus and valance electrons
define ionization energy
the energy necessary to remove one electron
sort from most to least electronegative
in order of distance from upper right corner of pd
covalent electrons
shares valence electrons
ionic electrons
NM take valence electrons from the M
metallic electrons
an electron sea
metallic conductors
great conductors
ionic conductors
alr conductors
covalent conductors
bad conductors
good insulator
what’s bond angle H2O
104.5
number naming
mon di tri tetra
Naming ray
D and B
types of reactions
combustion, double replacement, single replacement, synthesis
