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Chemistry 103 > Chem Exam 1 > Flashcards

Chem Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Signs of a chemical change

A

Color change
Combustion
Atoms rearranging

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2
Q

Physical properties?

A 
Can be observed without changing composition of matter
Color
Odor
Density
Melting pt.
Boiling pt. 
hardness
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2
Q

Extensive properties

A

Mass

Volume

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3
Q

Chemical properties?

A

Properties which become evident during a chemical reaction

Flammability

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4
Q

Intensive properties

A

Melting pt.
Density
Temp.

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5
Q

Pure substance

A

Something that has a constant composition

Cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by PHYSICAL processes

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6
Q

Elements

A

Cannot be chemically decomposed into simpler substances

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7
Q

Compound

A

Can be broken down into elements by chemical processes

2 or more elements chemically combined

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8
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of at least 2 substances that can be separated by physical methods into different substances

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9
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

Uniform in macroscopic level, no amount of magnification can reveal components, constant properties

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10
Q

Kelvin conversion

A

+273.15

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11
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. All matter is composed of solid, indivisible particles called atoms. (NT)
  2. Atoms of a particular element are identical.(T)
  3. Atoms of one element differ from atoms of another. (T)
  4. Atoms of different elements combine in numerical proportions to form compounds.
  5. In chem. reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed, or changed into atoms of another element.
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12
Q

Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

A
  • Sir JJ Thomson (Plum Pudding Model)
  • had positively charged platform cathode
  • Deduced nucleus was positively charged because most particles passed through foil without deflection.
  • Most alpha particles were not deflected or slightly deflected. Others largely deflected.
  • Proposed: Most of mass with electrons occupying space
  • Learned particles are fundamental constituents of matter
  • PARTICLES WERE NEGATIVELY CHARGED
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13
Q

Charge/Mass Ratio

A

JJ Thomson determined the angle at which the particles deflected

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14
Q

atomic weight

A

mass of one atom of an element (mass spectrometer)

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15
Q

Rutherford

A

Concluded:
-Most of volume is empty space which contains electrons
-Atom contains positively charged nucleus
-Mass of atom is concen. in nucleus (pos. charge)
-Positive charge is due to protons
No. electrons= no. protons
-Electrons and nucleus are held together by forces of attraction

17
Q

Ionic compound

A
  • Solid
  • Have different properties than constituent elements
  • Dissolving an ionic cmpd. in water produced ions in solution
18
Q

Combination Reaction

A

2+ reactants combine to form one product

19
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

When one reactant is decomposed to give 2 or more products (opposite of combination reactions)

20
Q

Theoretical Yield

A

Maximum amount of product that can be obtained (determined by limiting reactant)

21
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolves the solute

Substance present in greatest quantity

22
Q

Solute

A

Dissolves in solvent

23
Q

Electrolyte

A

Substance in aqueous solutions containing ions

24
Q

Nonelectrolyte

A

Doesn’t form ions in solution (most molecular compounds)

25
Q

chemical equilibrium

A

When relative numbers of each type of ion/ molecule in reaction are constant over time

26
Q

Neutralization reaction

A

When a solution of acid and a solution of base are mixed, the products have no properties of original A/B

27
Q

Strong Electrolyte

A

(Strong acids and strong bases) Produces many ions when it dissolves in solution

28
Q

Weak Electrolytes

A

(Weak acids and weak bases) Partially dissociate and react with water to form ions in solution

29
Q

Acid

A

H+ donor, releases H+ ions when dissociates in water

30
Q

Base

A

H+ acceptor, produces OH-ions when dissolved in solution

31
Q

Deposition

A

When gas transforms to solid

32
Q

Solution

A

A homogenous, molecular mixture of two or more substances

33
Q

Substance

A

A form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Cannot be separated physically without breaking chemical bonds

Chemistry 103 (10 decks)

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