Chapter 6: Electronic Structure of Atoms

Question 1

The shell with the principal quantum number n, consists of EXACTLY _____

Answer 1

n (the number) subshells.

Question 2

What are the representative elements?

Answer 2

s and p block elements

Question 3

In representative elements, we don’t consider the electrons in completely filled _____ orbitals to be valence electrons.

Answer 3

d or f

Question 4

wavelength

Answer 4

the distance between 2 peaks

-usually expressed in meters

Question 5

frequency

Answer 5

the number of cycles; complete wavelengths that pass a given point each second

-s^-1 or Hz

Question 6

quantum

Answer 6

the smallest amount of energy that can be emitted or absorbed as electromagnetic radiation

Question 7

Photoelectric effect

Answer 7

A photon striking a metal surface can transfer its energy to electrons in the metal when exposed to light

Question 8

work energy

Answer 8

energy that is used by electrons to overcome the attractive forces

Question 9

equation for relationship between frequency, wavelength, and EMR

Answer 9

c=λυ

υ=frequency

λ=wavelength

c= speed of light (3.00x10⁸ m/s)

Question 10

Equation for finding energy of single quantum/ single photon

Answer 10

E=hυ

E= enery of single quantum

h=6.626x10^-34 J-s (Planck’s constant)

υ=frequency

*Can also be written *

KE=E-E₀

E=energy of light

E₀=threshold energy of metal

Question 11

Rydberg Equation

Answer 11

1) 1/ λ= (R_H) (1/n₂¹- 1/n₂²)

Allows us to calculate the wavelengths of all spectral lines of hydrogen

RH (Rydberg constant)= 1.096776x 10⁷ m^-1

n=principal quantum number

Question 12

Equation for calculating the wavelength of an electron

Answer 12

λ=h/mυ

m=mass

υ=velocity

h=6.636x10^-34

mυ= momentum

Question 13

Equation for calculating the energy of a photon

Answer 13

E=hc/λ

where hc= 1.986x10^-25

h=6.636x10^-34

c= 3.00x10⁸ m/s

Question 14

Equation for Photoelectric Effect

Answer 14

KE=hυ-hυ₀

KE=kinetic energy

υ= frequency of light

υ₀=threshold frequency of metal

Question 15

All electromagnetic radiation moves at ___.

Answer 15

Th speed of light

Question 16

Blue

Answer 16

400 nm

Question 17

Green

Answer 17

500 nm

Question 18

Orange

Answer 18

600 nm

Question 19

Red

Answer 19

700

Question 20

The electromagnetic spectrum shows radiation in order of _____wavelength and ______frequency.

Answer 20

a) increasing
b) decreasing

Question 21

If the photons striking a metal’s surface have more energy than the work function, electrons are _____.

Answer 21

emitted

Question 22

Bohr model

Answer 22

1) Only orbits corresponding to certain energies are allowed for the electron in a hydrogen atom.
2) An electron in an ‘allowed’ energy state does not radiate energy and therefore, does not spiral into the nucleus.
3) Energy is emitted or absorbed as the electron moves across energy levels.

Question 23

What did x-ray diffraction show?

Answer 23

When the electrons pass through the crystal, they are diffracted and exhibit the same wave-like behavior as all other types of EMR.

Question 24

orbital

Answer 24

• has specific shape and energy
• ‘electron cloud’
• 3 characters (ex. 2p_x)
• describes electron in terms of probability

Question 25

principal quantum number

Answer 25

• n
• Ex: n=1,2,3

Question 26

shell

Answer 26

have the same value of ‘n’

Question 27

subshell

Answer 27

-Ex: 1s, 2s