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Spring 2024 > Chem 2 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chem 2 Exam 2 Flashcards

Chapter 13

1
Q

At dynamic equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at…?

A

Equal rates

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2
Q

At dynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of products and reactants…?

A

Remain constants

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3
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s principle?

A

When a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it returns to equilibrium by counteracting the disturbance

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4
Q

What happens to higher number of gas molecules in the container?

A

High pressure

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5
Q

What happens to lower number of gas molecules in the container?

A

Low pressure

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6
Q

What is endoothermic?

A

+ absorb heat. Heat + Reactant <=> Product

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7
Q

What is exothermic?

A
  • release heat. Reactant <=> Product + heat
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8
Q

Adding reactant?

A

shift to right

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9
Q

Removing a reactant?

A

shift to left

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10
Q

Adding product?

A

shift left

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11
Q

Removing product?

A

shift right

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12
Q

Decreasing volume?

A

Side with fewer gas molecules

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13
Q

Increasing volume?

A

Side with more gas molecules?

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14
Q

Increasing temp. endothermic?

A

shift to right

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15
Q

Decreasing temp. endothermic?

A

shift to left

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16
Q

Increasing temp. exothermic?

A

shift to left

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17
Q

Decreasing temp. Exothermic?

A

shift to right

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18
Q

Adding inert gas?

A

No effect

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19
Q

Adding a catalyst?

A

No effect

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20
Q

What is an Arrhenius Acid?

A

Substance that will dissolve in water to produce H+ or H30+

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21
Q

What is an Arrhenius Base?

A

Substance that will dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions, OH-

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22
Q

What are the 6 strong acids?

A
  • HCl
  • HBr
  • HI
  • HNO3
  • H2SO4
    -HCLO4
23
Q

What are the three weak acids?

A
  • HCHO2
  • CH3CO2H
  • HF
24
Q

What are the six strong bases?

A
  • LiOH
  • NaOH
  • KOH
  • Ca(OH)2
  • Sr(OH)2
  • Ba(OH)2
25
Q

What are the two weak bases?

A
  • NH3
  • Nr3
26
Q

In Bronsted-Lowry what does acid do?

A

Donate a proton, H+

27
Q

In Bronsted-Lowry what does base do?

A

Accepts a proton, H+

28
Q

What is a conjugate acid-base?

A
  • A base will accept a proton (H+) and become a conjugate acid
  • A acid will donate a proton (H+) and become a conjugate base
29
Q

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

A

Two substances that differ by one H+

30
Q

What is an amphoteric substance?

A

substances that can act as an acid or base (ex. water)

31
Q

What is a monoprotic acids?

A

only one ionizable proton

32
Q

What is a diprotic acid?

A

have 2 ionizable protons

33
Q

What is a triprotic acid?

A

have 3 ionizable protons

34
Q

What is autoionization?

A

a reaction of H2O molecules transferring protons to yeild hydronium (H30+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)

35
Q

A strong base completely dissociate in solution to yield hydroxide ions, OH-, true or false

A

True

36
Q

What do weak acids look like in a lewis structure?

A

Lone pair on the nitrogen atom

37
Q

What does a large Kb and a small Kb mean?

A
  • Larger the Kb = stronger the base
  • Smaller the Kb = weaker the base
38
Q

What does a large Ka and small Ka mean?

A
  • Larger the Ka = stronger the acid
  • Smaller the Ka = weaker the acid
39
Q

What is an oxyacid?

A

a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom that is attached to nonmetal

40
Q

What is a binary acid?

A

Hydrogen (s) attached to nonmental H–A

41
Q

How do conjugate acid-base pairs relate to eachother?

A
  • Stronger acid, weaker conjugate base
  • Weaker acid, stronger conjugate base
42
Q

What can a cation potentially serve as?

A

An acid —> donate H+ to water

43
Q

What can an anion potentially serve as?

A

A base —> accept H+ from water

44
Q

What are the six strong base cations?

A

Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+

45
Q

What do the strong base cations mean?

A

Cations cant donate H+ to water. Doesn’t affect pH. pH neutral

46
Q

What are the four weak base cations?

A

NH4+, CH3NH3+, C5H5NH+, C6H5NH3+

47
Q

What do the cations from a weak base mean?

A

Can donate H+ to water. Produce H30+ in solution. Solution become acidic. pH active

48
Q

What are the six anions from strong acids?

A

Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, ClO4-, HSO4-

49
Q

What do the anions from a strong base mean?

A

Anions cant accept H+ from water. Will not affect pH. pH neutral

50
Q

What are the five anions from weak acids?

A

F-, CH3COO-, CO3^2-, NO2-, ClO-

51
Q

What does the anion from weak acids mean?

A
  • Can accept H+ from water
  • Produce OH- in solution
  • Solution become basic
  • pH active
52
Q

If the cation from a weak base (N containing) —> Solution become weakly acidic, True or false?

A

True

53
Q

If the anion from a weak acid —> solution become weakly basic, true or false?

A

True

54
Q
A

Spring 2024 (6 decks)

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