Chem 2 Exam 2 Flashcards
Chapter 13
At dynamic equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at…?
Equal rates
At dynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of products and reactants…?
Remain constants
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
When a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it returns to equilibrium by counteracting the disturbance
What happens to higher number of gas molecules in the container?
High pressure
What happens to lower number of gas molecules in the container?
Low pressure
What is endoothermic?
+ absorb heat. Heat + Reactant <=> Product
What is exothermic?
- release heat. Reactant <=> Product + heat
Adding reactant?
shift to right
Removing a reactant?
shift to left
Adding product?
shift left
Removing product?
shift right
Decreasing volume?
Side with fewer gas molecules
Increasing volume?
Side with more gas molecules?
Increasing temp. endothermic?
shift to right
Decreasing temp. endothermic?
shift to left
Increasing temp. exothermic?
shift to left
Decreasing temp. Exothermic?
shift to right
Adding inert gas?
No effect
Adding a catalyst?
No effect
What is an Arrhenius Acid?
Substance that will dissolve in water to produce H+ or H30+
What is an Arrhenius Base?
Substance that will dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions, OH-
What are the 6 strong acids?
- HCl
- HBr
- HI
- HNO3
- H2SO4
-HCLO4
What are the three weak acids?
- HCHO2
- CH3CO2H
- HF
What are the six strong bases?
- LiOH
- NaOH
- KOH
- Ca(OH)2
- Sr(OH)2
- Ba(OH)2
What are the two weak bases?
- NH3
- Nr3
In Bronsted-Lowry what does acid do?
Donate a proton, H+
In Bronsted-Lowry what does base do?
Accepts a proton, H+
What is a conjugate acid-base?
- A base will accept a proton (H+) and become a conjugate acid
- A acid will donate a proton (H+) and become a conjugate base
What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
Two substances that differ by one H+
What is an amphoteric substance?
substances that can act as an acid or base (ex. water)
What is a monoprotic acids?
only one ionizable proton
What is a diprotic acid?
have 2 ionizable protons
What is a triprotic acid?
have 3 ionizable protons
What is autoionization?
a reaction of H2O molecules transferring protons to yeild hydronium (H30+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)
A strong base completely dissociate in solution to yield hydroxide ions, OH-, true or false
True
What do weak acids look like in a lewis structure?
Lone pair on the nitrogen atom
What does a large Kb and a small Kb mean?
- Larger the Kb = stronger the base
- Smaller the Kb = weaker the base
What does a large Ka and small Ka mean?
- Larger the Ka = stronger the acid
- Smaller the Ka = weaker the acid
What is an oxyacid?
a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom that is attached to nonmetal
What is a binary acid?
Hydrogen (s) attached to nonmental H–A
How do conjugate acid-base pairs relate to eachother?
- Stronger acid, weaker conjugate base
- Weaker acid, stronger conjugate base
What can a cation potentially serve as?
An acid —> donate H+ to water
What can an anion potentially serve as?
A base —> accept H+ from water
What are the six strong base cations?
Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+
What do the strong base cations mean?
Cations cant donate H+ to water. Doesn’t affect pH. pH neutral
What are the four weak base cations?
NH4+, CH3NH3+, C5H5NH+, C6H5NH3+
What do the cations from a weak base mean?
Can donate H+ to water. Produce H30+ in solution. Solution become acidic. pH active
What are the six anions from strong acids?
Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, ClO4-, HSO4-
What do the anions from a strong base mean?
Anions cant accept H+ from water. Will not affect pH. pH neutral
What are the five anions from weak acids?
F-, CH3COO-, CO3^2-, NO2-, ClO-
What does the anion from weak acids mean?
- Can accept H+ from water
- Produce OH- in solution
- Solution become basic
- pH active
If the cation from a weak base (N containing) —> Solution become weakly acidic, True or false?
True
If the anion from a weak acid —> solution become weakly basic, true or false?
True
