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N5 > chem > Flashcards

chem Flashcards

1
Q

How do you increase the rate of reaction?

A

increase tempature, increase surface area, increase concentration, add a catalyst

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2
Q

What are the properties of a catalyst?

A

increases the rate of reaction without being used up and can be recovered while being completly unchanged

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3
Q

why are catalysts used in industry

A

because they allow reactions to take place at lower temputures which saves money and energy

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4
Q

how do you monitor the rate of a insoluble reaction

A

flask with topper on it with a pipe going through to a mesuring cylinder with water in it

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5
Q

how do you monitor the rate of a soluble reaction

A

flask with topper on it and a pipe going through the topper to a gas syringe

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6
Q

what is the endpoint of a reaction

A

where the line goes flat

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7
Q

what does the endpoint on a graph show

A

the reaction has stopped

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8
Q

how do you find the rate of reaction

A

change in quantity divided by change in time

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9
Q

what is inside the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

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10
Q

what is the charge and mass of a neutron

A

no charge with a mass of 1 amu

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11
Q

what is the charge and mass of a proton

A

positive with a mass of 1 amu

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12
Q

what is the charge and mass of an electron

A

negative with a mass of 0 amu

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13
Q

where can you find the atomic number

A

in the perodic table on top of each element

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14
Q

what does the atomic number tell you

A

the number of protons

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15
Q

what is the mass number

A

the number of protons plus neutrons

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16
Q

what does the nuclide notation show you

A

the mass number and the atomic number

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17
Q

why must the number of electrons and protons in an atom be the same

A

becuase atoms have to have a neutral charge

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18
Q

what is an isotope

A

isotopes are atoms with the saem atomic number but different mass number

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19
Q

what does RAM stand for

A

relative atomic mass

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20
Q

when are ions formed

A

when an atom gains or losses electron

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21
Q

what happens when an atom doesnt have an equal number of protons to electrons

A

an ion is formed

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22
Q

why do metal atoms lose electrons

A

to form a posative ion

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23
Q

why do non-metal atoms gain electrons

A

to form a negative ion and make a strong outer shell of 8 electrons

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24
Q

what is a molecule

A

a molecule is made up of 2 or more atoms bonded together via covalent bonding, a molecule is typically made up of non-metal atoms only.

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25
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

a covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two non-metals

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26
Q

how are the atoms in a molecule held together

A

electrostatic force of attraction between the positive nuclei of the atom and the negatively charged electrons

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27
Q

what is linear

A

one bond

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28
Q

what is angular

A

two bonds

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29
Q

what is pyramidal

A

three bonds

30
Q

what is tetrahedral

A

four bonds

31
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

the electrostatic force of attraction between a posative metal ion and a negative non-metal ion

32
Q

what type of bond is formed between two non-metals

A

covalent

33
Q

what type of bond is formed between a non-metal and a metal

A

ionic

34
Q

what are the properties of an ionic compounds

A

they have high melting points and boiling points they can also conduct electricity ONLY when molten or in solution

35
Q

why can ionic compounds

A

becuase then the ions are free to move

36
Q

what are the properties of covalent network substances

A

they have very high melting and boiling points, they are insoluble in water, they do NOT conduct electricity with the exeption of graphite becuase of its delocalised electrons

37
Q

what are the properties of covalent molecular substances

A

they have strong covalent bonds within molecules but weak forces of attraction between molecules, they have low melting and boiling points and they do NOT conduct electricity with the exception of water

38
Q

this substance has a low boiling and melting point but doesnt conduct electricity, what type of bonding is this

A

covalent molecular

39
Q

this substance has a very high boiling and melting point but doesnt conduct electricity, what type of bonding is this

A

covalent network

40
Q

this compound has high boiling and melting points and can only conduct when molten or in solution, what type of bonding is this

A

ionic

41
Q

this compound can only conduct when molten or in solution, what type of bonding is this

A

ionic

42
Q

what are delocalized electrons

A

electrons which are free to move

43
Q

what does it mean if a compounds name ends with “-ide”

A

the compound only contains these two elements

44
Q

what does it mean if a compounds name ends with “-ate” or “-ite”

A

the compound is made up of three or more elements

45
Q

what is valency

A

valency is the number of bonds that an element can form

46
Q

what does the GFM find out

A

the mass of one mole

47
Q

how would u find the mass of something

A

number of moles * GFM

48
Q

how do u find the number of moles

A

concentration * volume in liters

49
Q

how do u find the GFM

A

add all the RAMs of all the elements together

50
Q

what is the solvent

A

what is doing the dissolving

51
Q

what is the solute

A

what is being dissolved

52
Q

what is the solution

A

what is produced from the the solute dissolving in the solvent

53
Q

what is meant by a balanced equation

A

when there are equal amounts of each element on both sides

54
Q

how do you find the percentage composition

A

mass of element / formula mass * 100

55
Q

what is the pH of a neutral solution

A

7

56
Q

what is the pH of an acidic solution

A

less than 7

57
Q

what is the pH of an alkaline solution

A

more than 7

58
Q

what is the pH scale

A

the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions

59
Q

how do you find the pH of something

A

use pH paper or universal indicator

60
Q

what makes an acidic solution

A

a higher concentration of hydrogen (H+) than hydroxide (OH-)

61
Q

what makes an alkaline solution

A

a higher concentration of hydroxide (OH-) than hydrogen (H+)

62
Q

why does the pH of an acid become closer to 7 when added to water

A

becuase the concertration of H+ decreases

63
Q

what happens when a soluble non-metal oxide is dissolved in water

A

an acidic solution is produced

64
Q

when is an acidic solution produced

A

when a soluble non-metal oxide is dissolved in water

65
Q

what is neutralisation

A

the reaction of an acid with a base

66
Q

what are the two types of bases

A

metal oxide and alkali

67
Q

what are the two things made from neutralisation

A

a salt + water

68
Q

what is the ending of a salt thats made with hydrochloric acid

A

chloride

69
Q

what is the ending of a salt thats made with sulfuric acid

A

sulfate

70
Q

what is the ending of a salt thats made with nitric acid

A

nitrate

71
Q
A

N5 (3 decks)

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