Chem

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass; is made up of elements

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions; pure

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

a substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 4

1 ______ charge in a proton

Answer 4

positive +

Question 5

electrons fly in _______

Answer 5

orbitals around the nucleus

Question 6

1 ______ charge in electrons

Answer 6

negative -

Question 7

Neutron

Answer 7

no charge (0)

Question 8

of electrons should _____ # of protons

Answer 8

equal

Question 9

if not equal, atom is a _____

Answer 9

charged ion

Question 10

Atomic number

Answer 10

number of protons

Question 11

Atomic mass

Answer 11

aprox sum of protons + neutrons

Question 12

Electrons live in _____

Answer 12

orbitals (max of 2 e- per orbital)

Question 13

Electron shells fill _______ to ________

Answer 13

closest to the farthest

Question 14

Valence Electrons

Answer 14

outermost shell

Question 15

Single valence electron makes them

Answer 15

reactive (give up e-)

Question 16

In the middle

Answer 16

shares e-

Question 17

Shell almost full

Answer 17

(steal an e-)

Question 18

2 ways to fill a shell with atoms

Answer 18

1. Form covalent bonds (share electrons)
2. Form ions (gain or lose electrons)

Question 19

Forming ions

Answer 19

electrons transferred from one atom to another, resulting in + or - charged ions

Question 20

Ionic bonding

Answer 20

attraction between opposite fully charged ions is an ionic bond

Question 21

Covalent bonds

Answer 21

pair of electrons shared by 2 atoms

Question 22

Molecule

Answer 22

2 or more atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 23

Polar Covalent bond

Answer 23

electrons not shared equally, so partial charges exist

Question 24

Nonpolar Covalent bond

Answer 24

electrons shared equally

Question 25

Polarity

Answer 25

polar molecules possess regions of positive and negative charge Polar- unevenly distributed charge. Non-polar- charge is evenly distributed

Question 26

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 26

Formed between polar covalent molecules; attraction between opposite partially charged groups.

Question 27

Multiple H bonds are ______

Answer 27

strong

Question 28

Cohesion

Answer 28

adheres to self

Question 29

Adhesion

Answer 29

adheres to other polar things

Question 30

Polar molecules are water-loving or ______ because they can h bond with water

Answer 30

hydrophilic

Question 31

Because water is polar...

Answer 31

ions dissolve well in water

Question 32

Water pulls on atoms that are ____________

Answer 32

electrically charged

Question 33

Non-polar, non-ionic substances are _______

Answer 33

hydrophobic

Question 34

Ionization

Answer 34

covalent bonds within a water molecule sometimes break suddenly

Question 35

Carbon forms ______

Answer 35

4 covalent bonds

Question 36

Carbon chains can differ by

Answer 36

1. length of chain 2. location/ presence 3. # of double bonds

Question 37

Carbon and hydrogen bonds are

Answer 37

non-polar

Question 38

electronegativity

Answer 38

atom participating in a covalent bond to attract the bonding electrons

Question 39

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are _______

Answer 39

polymers

Question 40

A ploymer is a long molecule consisiting of _____

Answer 40

monomers

Question 41

Dehydration reaction

Answer 41

synthesizing a polymer

Question 42

Hydrolsis

Answer 42

breaking down a polymer

Question 43

Monosacharides (one carbon chain)

Answer 43

-quick energy - basic building block for all other carbohydrates

Question 44

Disaccharides (2 carbon chains)

Answer 44

for internal carbohydrate transport (in plants)

Question 45

Polysaccharides (multiple carbon chains)

Answer 45

structural support and long term energy storage

Question 46

Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides; a nucleotide consists of ________

Answer 46

phosphate group(s) sugar nitrogen base