Chem

Question 1

Hund’s Rule

Answer 1

Orbital’s are singularly occupied before they are doubly occupied

Question 2

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Answer 2

No electrons can occupy the same Quantum state

Question 3

Aufbau Principle

Answer 3

Electrons occupy lower energy levels before they occupy higher energy levels

Question 4

Overall energy change of a system

Answer 4

H(products)-H(reactants)

Question 5

bond energy calculations

Answer 5

H(reactants)-H(products)

Question 6

Q=mcdeltaT

Answer 6

Measurement for heat capacity
m- mass in grams
c- specific heat capacity in kj per gram (decimal)
Delta T - temperature in whatever unit

Question 7

Dispersion forces are greater for…

Answer 7

heavier or larger atoms

Question 8

Dipole - dipole forces are greater for…

Answer 8

a greater electronegativity difference

Question 9

1 gram to milligrams

Answer 9

1000 milligrams to a gram

Question 10

Yield….

Answer 10

the amount of product produced from a reaction

Question 11

% Yield =

Answer 11

ex. yield/ theoretical yield * 100

Question 12

Acid + reactive metal –>

Answer 12

salt + hydrogen

Question 13

Acid + metal hydroxide –>

Answer 13

salt + water

Question 14

Acid + metal carbonate –>

Answer 14

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 15

Vapour pressure and Intermolecular forces relationship

Answer 15

substances with stronger intermolecular forces have lower vapour pressure, as the molecules have less kinetic energy as they are connected more tightly than substances with weaker intermolecular forces.
e.g non-polar substances have greater vapour pressure than polar ones, because hydrogen bonding is stronger than dispersion forces

Question 16

Trends in solubility

Answer 16

bromide, chloride, idiode, nitrate and sulfate are mostly soluble
carbonate, hydroxide, oxide and phosphate are mostly insoluble
NITRATE IS ALWAYS SOLUBLE
Silver is USUALLY insoluble, except for nitrate and sulfate (p)

Question 17

Spectator ions

Answer 17

are the ones that don’t precipitate

Question 18

m/v equals

Answer 18

mass/volume

Question 19

All sections in a reaction must

Answer 19

have the same rate

Question 20

Acids dissociate to produce
Bases dissociate to produce

Answer 20

H+

OH-

Question 21

All ionic compounds are

Answer 21

polar and therefore all have high boiling points and low vapour pressure

Question 22

Nanomaterials are

Answer 22

from 1-100nm long and often show different properties than larger samples of the same material
they have specialised carbon structures such as nanotubes, graphene and fullerene

Question 23

Flame colours indicate the metal used

Answer 23

as flame colours are due to excited ions, jumping an orbital, emitting electromagnetic radiation