Chem 111- Test 2- St. Thomas Flashcards
Precipitate
forms a solid
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HBr
hydryobromic acid
HI
hydroiodic acid
HNO3
Nitric Acid
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
HF
hydroflouric acid
H2CO3
carbonic acid
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
CH3CO2H
Acetic acid
Hyrdochloric acid
HCl
hydrobromic acid
HBr
hydroiodic acid
HI
Nitric Acid
HNO3
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Hydrofluoric acid
HF
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Acetic acid
CH3CO2H
Strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4
weak acids
HF, H2CO3, H3PO4, CH3CO2H
Oxidation rules (in order)
- H=+1 (or -1 when bound to a metal)
- O=-2
*Halogens are -1
Oxidized
loss of electrons, so the oxideation number becomes more positive
Reduction/reduced
gain of electrons, so the oxidation number gets more negative
oxidizing agent
the reactant that causes oxidation of another
reducing agent
cthe reactant that causes reduction of another
single displacement
a reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound
combustion
reactant with O2 forms CO2 + H20 as products
percent yield
(actual/theoretical)x100
kinetic energy
energy of movement
potential energy
energy that is stored
total energy +
U=q+w (total energy=heat+work)
heat (q)
related to temp and how fast molecules are moving
work (w)
related to displacement of an object
endothermic
positive energy. Energy is required by system (energy is gained)
exothermic
negative energy. energy is released by system (energy lost)
system
the chemical reaction or smth else as defined
surroundings
everything else besides system
calorimetry formula thing
qsystem= -(qsurroundings)
q=
MCchangeT (aka massspecific heatchange in temp)
for delta T, what is the conversion of C to K
C=K ONLY for delta T
enthalpy
delta H
what is delta H measured in
KJ/mol
Hess’s law
if you can add up the reactions, you can add up delta H values
formation reaction requirements for hess’s law
forms 1 mole of product AND reactants are in elemental form
standard enthalpy
the equation with delta H and summations and stuff
