CHEM 101 Ch. 5 Molecules and Compounds Flashcards
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What is the law of constant composition? Who discovered it?
The law of constant composition states that all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements. Joseph Proust formulated this law.
Do the properties of an element change when it combines with another element to form a compound? Explain.
Yes; when elements combine with other elements, a compound is created. Each compound is unique and contains properties different from those of the elements that compose it.
In a chemical formula, how do you calculate the number of atoms of an element within parentheses? Give an example.
By multiplying by the number of the subscript outside the parentheses. Ca (NO3)sub 2 = 2 N atoms
Explain the difference between a molecular formula and an empirical formula.
An empirical formula gives the ratio of atoms in a compound. A molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms in a compound.
What is the difference between an ionic compound and a molecular compound?
Ionic is metal + nonmetal
Molecular is nonmetals only
List the metals that form only one type of ion? What are the group numbers of these metals?
Lithium Li+ Group 1A Sodium Na+ Group 1A Potassium K+ Group 1A Rubidium Rb+ Group 1A Cesium Cs+ Group 1A Magnesium Mg++ Group 2A Calcium Ca++ Group 2A Strontium Sr++ Group 2A Barium Ba++ Group 2A Aluminum Al+++ Group 3A Zinc Zn++ Silver Ag+
What is the basic form for the name of oxyacids whose oxyanions end with -ate?
[Base name of oxyanion + ic] [acid]
Hydrochloric acid
What is the base form for the name of oxyacids whose oxyanions end in -ite?
[base name of oxyanion + ous] + [acid]
Sulfurous acid
