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Arthropods > Chelicerata- Subgroup of Mandibulata > Flashcards

Chelicerata- Subgroup of Mandibulata Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major groups of Chelicerates ?

A

Sea spiders and the Euchelicerata

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2
Q

Give the 2 main body units of this group

A

PROSOMA
OPISTHOSOMA
May appear undivided (internal segmentation) or separate (external segmentation)

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3
Q

Give the number of embryonic segments of each main body unit

A

Prosoma-6

Opisthosoma- 12

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4
Q

Where is the post anal telson found ?

A

On the Opisthosoma, it is not considered a true segment

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5
Q

What is found on the Prosoma ?

A 
Chelicerae-feeding appendages 
Pincers
1 pair of pedipalps
4 pairs of walking legs 
NO antennae or true mandibles
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6
Q

What has happened to a spiders pincers ?

A

They have modified into fangs

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7
Q

What is found on the Opisthosoma ?

A 
Respiratory structures (lungs/gills)
As well as Spinnerets- spiders
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8
Q

Describe the importance of a pycnogonids limbs ?

A

4 pairs of long limbs, (hollow)
Organs extend into limbs
i.e Digestive system

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9
Q

What are Pycogonids ?

A

Sea Spiders

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10
Q

Sea spiders can be commensal feeders, what does this mean ?

A

They benefit off an organism without impacting them in any way.

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11
Q

Describe the feeding strategies of Sea spiders.

A

Can be ECTOPARASITES (outside of host) of invertebrates

Or Commensal Feeders

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12
Q

Describe key adaptions of the horseshoe crab.

A

Large carapace, to the protect Prosoma
Long telson, to flip themselves upright
Gnathobase, grinds up food before transferring it to the mouth
3 walking legs with and without claws, for movement and protection

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13
Q

How does the horseshoe crab see ?

A

By compound eyes found on the dorsal carapace.

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14
Q

What were the Eurypterids ?

A

Water scorpions, now extinct
Could grow very large (human)
Mesosoma and metasoma body segments
Enlarged chelicerae

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15
Q

Where are scorpions found ?

A

In tropical environments

Arid, humid, warm environments

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16
Q

Give the key adaptions of scorpions.

A

Telson, with highly venomous glands for defence and predation
Hugely modified pedipalps

17
Q

What is the most successful and diverse group of chelicerates ?

A

Spiders

18
Q

Do spiders have visible external segmentation ?

A

NO

19
Q

What is the Pedicoel ?

A

A connection between the prosoma and the opisthosoma

20
Q

What is different about the chelicerae of spiders ?

A

Modified into fangs and venom glands

21
Q

Plesiomorphic fangs…..

A

Primitive, Fangs point forwards

22
Q

Apomorphic fangs….

A

Derived, Fangs point vertically

23
Q

When spiders die, why do their limbs curl into their body ?

A

When alive, the pumping stomach provides pressure to extend the limbs. Muscles will then contract the limbs inwards.
These muscles remain contracted upon death, therefore the limbs will curl up.

24
Q

What is a book lung ?

A

A more advanced respiratory structure than a book gill.
Highly folded area, internalised
Haemocoel & haemoglobin as resp. pigment
Can switch between pigments
Found in Arachnids

25
Q

Which species have a book Gill?

A

Horseshoe crabs??

26
Q

What is a spinneret ?

A

A group of modified appendages, which produce silk.

27
Q

Describe the process of silk production in a spider

A

Silk is extracted in liquid form from the spigot.
As the spider pulls the silk, it polymerises the proteins from liquid into a solid.
Adjacent spinnerets secrete an oily substance to line the silk.

28
Q

Give some of the purposes of silk

A 
Wrapping eggs 
Wrapping Prey
Drag line silk
Spiral line silk 
Web Frame
29
Q

Give other methods of catching prey, rather than casting webs

A

Dig a burrow which is lined with silk.
Lasso the prey with silk.
Camouflage is crucial for these methods of prey capture.

30
Q

How many eyes do spiders have ?

A

Usually 8 eyes in 4 pairs

31
Q

2 types of eyes.
Main eyes…..
Secondary eyes….

A

Give wide view

Peripheral view, movement detection.

32
Q

Give an adaption of the secondary eyes.

A

They have a reflective tapedum, which enables vision In low light.

33
Q

Why are pseduoscorpions not real scorpions ?

A

They have an elaborate pedipalps but no stinging telson.

34
Q

Give an adaption of the Vinagaroon.

A

Injects vinegar to deter predators

35
Q

Give the common name of Opiliones.

A

Daddy long legs

Have no silk or toxins.

Arthropods (6 decks)

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