CHEDS- theme 9- Parasymp and ANS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main nerves of the pasrasympathetic NS?

A

the tenth cranial nerves (vagus). they originate int eh medulla oblongata. Other perganglionic parasympathetic neurons also extend from the brain and from the lower tip of the spinal cord.

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2
Q

in times of danger, what does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

it prepares the body for violent activity. the parasympathetic nervous system reverses these changes when the danger has passed.

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3
Q

the para sympathetic functions with actions that do not require ———-

A

immediate attention.

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4
Q

the parasymp. functions return what functions to come back to normal?

A
heartbeat
blood pressure
construction of pupil
increase blood flow to skin and viscera 
peristalsis of GI tract.
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5
Q

SLUDDSA.

A

the function of the parasymp system:

salivation
lacrimation
unrination
digestion
defecation
sexual arousal.
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6
Q

where is Acetyl Choline released in the ANS?

A
  • all preganglionic neurons
  • symp and parasymp divisions
  • all post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons.
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7
Q

what are the effects of ACh?

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic

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8
Q

Nicotinic effect of ACh?

A

it is mediated by nAChRs, expressed in the postsynaptic side of the neuromuscular junction of th skeletal voluntary muscles in the CNS.
-ionotropic, they re permeable to Na+, K+ and Cl+

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9
Q

what are the two types of nAChR?

A

muscle type- selectively blocked by curare

neuronal type- selectively blocked by hexamethonium

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10
Q

Musarinic effect of ACH?

A

mediated by mAChR’s. expressed mainly i the postganglionic parasympathetic terminals of exocrine glands and smooth and cardiac muscles.

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11
Q

mAChR’s are also called…

A

Metabotropic receptors.

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12
Q

metabotropic receptors ..

A

NOT ion channels
they belong to a family of G-protein-coupled receptors
-they activeateother ion channels with second messenger signals

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13
Q

where odes the term “Muscarinic” come from?

A

Muscarin(e) is a natural product in some mushrooms.

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14
Q

both Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter…..

A

ACh!!!

  • when the ionotrpic receptor is activated it ion the channels for the passage of ions.
  • in contrast, when the mAChR is activated, a series od intracellular events are triggered that results in the activation of intracellular signals and the opening of sodium, potassium and calcium channels.
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15
Q

how are metabotropic receptors involved in opening channels???

A

the G-a-subunit deactivated AC.
while the Beta-y-subunit activates k-channels and therefore hyperpolarize the membrane. this causes a decrease in cardiac activity.

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16
Q

why are mAChR’s not involved in mechanisms that require quick responses?

A

they take longer to open channels than inotropic receptors. they remain activated from seconds to minutes. the plus side is hat they have a longer lasting effect that that of nAChR.

17
Q

what is the M1 stage of cholinergic stimulation of the mAChR ? fuck to meny werdds. too bad it gets worse.

A

m1 is stimulatory- expressed in the neural system.

18
Q

M3 cholinergic stimulation of the mAChR. GO

A

stimulatory as well. but it’s expressed in organ and tissues.
-brochoconstriction
vasodilation, peristalsis of G.I.T., secretion in GIT, contraction of the dittos muscle of the bladder.

19
Q

how does vasodilation work?

A

ACh causes endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide, which diffuses to smooth muscles and results in dilation.

20
Q

Cholinergic inhibition of mAChR.

A

M2- in the heart, bring things back to normal after the sympathetic nervous system fuck shit up. :
slows bmp, reduces contractile forces of atrial cardiac muscle, reduces velocity of senatorial node and atrioventricular node. (not a whole lot of effect on vent muscle. there are few nerves from the prams. division in ventricular muscle)

21
Q

describe the compensatory mechanisms in the ANS.

A

both para and symp divisions act on the same organs, but with opposing actions.

22
Q

memorise the nasty tables.

A

it’s not a table, it’s ikea.

23
Q

what is the function of IP3, Inositol Triphosphate?

A

it stimulates movement in the endoplasmic reticulum. google says it’s used in signal transduction.