Checkers 1 Flashcards by 景子村上

What is the DLT in cats with ISS treated with ifosfamide, and what is the median time of the DLT?

Neutropenia

7 days post

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What are the 2 fatal AEs in cats treated with ifosfamide?

2 euthanized due to severe nephrotoxicosis

1 recovered from pulmonary edema secondary to the diuresis

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What is the ORR in cats with ISS treated with ifosfamide in gross disease setting?
What is the median duration of response?

ORR 41%
70 days (2 mo)

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What is the MTD of ifosfamide in cats with sarcoma?

What is the recommended dosage of ifosfamide for cats?

MTD = 1,000mg/m2
Recommended = 900mg/m2, IV over 30min, q3w with Mesna &amp; diuresis

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What % is the complete disagreement and results in change treatment/prognosis b/w 1st and 2nd opinion on histopathology in canine and feline cancers, respectively? Answer with the range.

10-19% complete disagreement

17-37% change treatment/prognosis

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What % is the intra-operative mortality rate in dogs undergoing massive HCC removal surgery?

4.8%

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What is the concordance rate of canine STS grade between incisional Bx (a.k.a. pre-treatment Bx) and excisional Bx?

59% concordance (agreement)

= 41% discordance (disagreement)

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What % is underestimate and overestimate of canine STS grade of pre-treatment (incisional) Bx compared to excisional Bx, respectively?

Underestimate = 29%
Overestimate = 12%

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Does adding cyclophosphamide to doxorubicin single agent significantly improve PFI and MST in dogs with LSA?

No significant difference. 
But numerically improved PFI &amp; MST with CTX:
MST: 14m vs. 10m
PFI: 8m vs. 5.6m
CR were the same

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What is the RR in cats treated with L-asparaginase?

ORR = 30%

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What is “Lead time bias”?

A phenomenon where early Dx of a dz falsely makes it look like people are surviving longer.
This occurs most frequently in the context of screening.

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What is the cell of origin of hemophagocytic HS?

Macrophages (not DC)

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What is the immunohenotype of feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH)

CD1a+, CD1c+, CD11b+, CD18+, MHCII+ in all cases
E-cadherin+ in 4/5 cases
Birbeck granules+ in 4/5 cases (= LC origin)

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What % is the probability of local failure and tumor-specific survival rate at 3 y after hypofractionated RT for canine microscopic STS, respectively?

Local failure at 3y = 73%

TS-SR at 3y = 61%

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3 most common sites for canine gastric CA/ACA?

Lesser curvature
Gastric antrum
Pylorus

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What % of BLV infected cattle develop LSA or leukemia?

5-10%

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What are 2 factors (+/- 1 more in different paper) associated with development of UDT SCC in cattle?

Bracken fern consumption
Presence of papillomas
+/- BPV-4

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What is the most common primary feline ocular tumor?

Anterior uveal melanoma (= diffuse iris melanoma)

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Which of intraocular and conjunctival LSA MST is 549 days (18m) in dogs and cats?

Conjunctival LSA (MST 18m)
Intraocular MST was 6m

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What are 2 characteristics of gene alteration in TVT?

Insertion of LINE-1 upstream of c-myc, oncogene
(PCR of LINE-1-c-myc can be used for definitive Dx)
Point mutation in p53

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Does intracavitary chemotherapy with mitoxantron +/- carboplatin improve MST in dogs with carcinomatosis, sarcomatosis, or mesothelioma compared to without treatment?

Yes.
MST with IC = 11m
MST without IC = 1m

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Does intracavitary chemotherapy with mitoxantron +/- carboplatin in addition to IV chemotherapy improve MST in dogs with carcinomatosis, sarcomatosis, or mesothelioma compared to IV chemo alone?

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What % of GSD have MDR1 mutation?

10%

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What breed is the highest % of HOMOzygous MDR1 mutation?

Collie
(HOMO = 35%, HETERO = 42%)

FYI.
Australian Shepherd: HOMO = 10%, HETERO = 37%

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What are 2 canine breeds that has higher risk of testicular tumor? Also, what testicular tumor do these 2 breeds develop?

Collie & Shetland Sheepdog (5x more likely) | Sertoli cell tumor

How does mesothelioma metastasize/spread? | Is distant metastasis common?

Transcoelomic implantation | Distant metastasis is rare

What is a negative Px and 2 positive Px factors of feline nasal LSA treated with RT, respectively?

Negative Px factor: anemia Positive Px factors: RT >32Gy, CR 2016 JVMS Fu: - apoptotic index (RR not ST) - Ki67 (RR & MST)

What are 6 Px factors in canine OSA? | What are these factors Px for?

``` ezrin - DFI RON - DFI, ST survivin - DFI VEGF - DFI COX-2 - DFI, ST HSP - DFI (?), ST ```

What is the MST in dogs with non-lymphomatous nasal tumor treated with robotic SBRT (SRS)? What is the most common acute and late side effects?

MST 13m Acute: skin and mucositis Late: skin (seizure but unknown)

What % of canine digital SCC metastasize? (range) | What % of canine digital SCC revealed radiographic bone lysis? (range)

Mets: 13-26% | Bone lysis: 40-80%

What % of canine digital melanoma metastasize? (range) | What % of canine digital melanoma revealed radiographic bone lysis? (range)

Mets: 17-50% | Bone lysis: 5-79%

What % of canine appendicular OSA have LN mets?

4.4%

What % of dogs treated with CCNU alone develop liver enzymes elevation? What % of dogs treated with CCNU and Denamarin develop liver enzymes elevation?

CCNU alone = 84% | CCNU + Denamarin = 68%

Which of malignant and benign liver tumor is more common in dogs and cats, respectively?

Dog: malignant Cat: benign

Is feline bile duct cystadenoma more common in multiple form than single form?

No. It is evenly distributed.

About 25% of feline liver tumor develop hypoglyecemia?

No hypoglycemia in 1992 JAVMA Post et al.

What is the most common biochem abnormality in feline liver tumor?

Azotemia

What is the cell origin of LGL LSA?

Majority (90%) = cytotoxic T cells (CD3+, CD8+, CD20-) (60% exp. CD103 (integrin alpha E) 10% = NK cell

Is feline LGL LSA more commonly involving multiple anatomic sites?

No. 92% localized in GIT (most likely in SI)

What is the ORR of chemo in cats with LGL LSA?

ORR 30%

What are the cell markers for Hodgkin's LSA? Classical HL: Nodular lymphocyte-prediminant HL:

``` Classical HL (RS cells): negative all of below Nodular lymphocyte-prediminant HL (L+H cells): CD79a+, BLA.36+ ```

What are cell markers for AML?

CD11b+, CD11c+, MPO+, CD34+, CD45+, CD18+, CD14+, ALP+

Explain cisplatin nephrotoxicity based on aquation reaction.

Cl concentration: intracellular (1/13) << extracellular Condition under high Cl concentration: aquation reaction does NOT occur Aquation reaction convert inactive cis to active cis form

What are the hormonal mechanism of development of perianal adenoma?

``` Andeogenic hormones (testosterone, DHEA): stimulate growth Estrogenic hormones (estrogen): inhibit growth *OHE female dogs: Low estrogen = decreased inhibition from estrogen High testosterone = due to adrenal accompanied with HAC = stimulate tumor growth ```

What are 5 factors shared with human breast cancer that is the reason why canine mammary tumor is a good human BC models?

BRCA, GH/IGF-1, EGFR, HER2, HR (ER & PR)

Name 5 solid tumors that has evidence of biological response to Palladia? What is the rate of clinical benefit?

AGASACA, OSA, thyroid CA, H&N CA, nasal CA | CB = 74%

What is MEN 2A tumors?

Medullary thyroid CA + pheochromocytoma + parathyroid hyperplasia

What is MEN 1 tumors?

Pancreatic tumor + parathyroid glands + anterior pituitary gland

What is MEN 2B (MEN 3) tumors?

Medullary thyroid CA + pheochromocytoma + ganglioneuroma

Why a caution needs to paid for using Denamarin in chemotherapy treatments to prevent chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity?

Denamarin is an anti-oxidant which may decrease anti-tumor effects.

What % dogs developed elevated LE with and without Denamarin undergoing CCNU?

``` With = 68%* Without = 84%* ```

What are the Sn & Sp to detect invasion into surrounding structures based on palpation and CT, retrospectively?

``` Palpation = Sn 71%, Sp 0% CT = Sn 70%, Sp 100% ```

What is the range of RR in dogs with SQ HSA treated with doxorubicin based chemo?

39-44%

Is calcitriol effective and also safe in dogs with MCT?

Has synergistic effects with chemo but too toxic

What % of previously Dx of GI leiomyoSA was reclassified as GIST?

67%

What is IHC marker to distinguish GIST from leiomyoSA?

c-ki = CD117

Is there any difference in SR and short-term survival between dogs underwent thoracoscopic and thoracotomy for removal of lung tumors?

No 1y and 2y SR were similar Comparable short-term outcome

What % developed hypothyroidism after RT for thyroid CA? | What is the median time to develop hypothyroidism?

47.6% | 6 months post RT

What % is local tumor recurrence of FISS post radical Sx (5cm margins)? What % is the mets rate?

14% recurred | 20% mets

What % developed crea > 2.0 after cisplatin and piroxicam and Tavocept (mesna)? What was ORR in that paper?

21% (much less than historical controls) Also Tavocept decreased diuresis time (from >6h to 90m) ORR 27% (lower than Hx control)

What WBC lineage is lost in cas with FIV or FIV+FeLV?

CD4+ lymphocytes | They have low CD4+/CD8+ ratio

What % is the recurrence rate of SQ MCT incompletely removed?

12% | overall 8%, completely removed 2%

What is the mets rate of SQ MCT in dogs?

Name 8 B cell markers

CD1, CD79a, CD20, CD21, CD45, MHC II, Pax5, CD18 (low)

Name 6 T cell markers

CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD45, CD18 (high)