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ACVIM Specialty Exam > Checkers 1 > Flashcards

Checkers 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DLT in cats with ISS treated with ifosfamide, and what is the median time of the DLT?

A

Neutropenia

7 days post

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2
Q

What are the 2 fatal AEs in cats treated with ifosfamide?

A

2 euthanized due to severe nephrotoxicosis

1 recovered from pulmonary edema secondary to the diuresis

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3
Q

What is the ORR in cats with ISS treated with ifosfamide in gross disease setting?
What is the median duration of response?

A 
ORR 41%
70 days (2 mo)
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4
Q

What is the MTD of ifosfamide in cats with sarcoma?

What is the recommended dosage of ifosfamide for cats?

A 
MTD = 1,000mg/m2
Recommended = 900mg/m2, IV over 30min, q3w with Mesna & diuresis
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5
Q

What % is the complete disagreement and results in change treatment/prognosis b/w 1st and 2nd opinion on histopathology in canine and feline cancers, respectively? Answer with the range.

A

10-19% complete disagreement

17-37% change treatment/prognosis

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6
Q

What % is the intra-operative mortality rate in dogs undergoing massive HCC removal surgery?

A

4.8%

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7
Q

What is the concordance rate of canine STS grade between incisional Bx (a.k.a. pre-treatment Bx) and excisional Bx?

A

59% concordance (agreement)

= 41% discordance (disagreement)

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8
Q

What % is underestimate and overestimate of canine STS grade of pre-treatment (incisional) Bx compared to excisional Bx, respectively?

A 
Underestimate = 29%
Overestimate = 12%
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9
Q

Does adding cyclophosphamide to doxorubicin single agent significantly improve PFI and MST in dogs with LSA?

A 
No significant difference. 
But numerically improved PFI & MST with CTX:
MST: 14m vs. 10m
PFI: 8m vs. 5.6m
CR were the same
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10
Q

What is the RR in cats treated with L-asparaginase?

A

ORR = 30%

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11
Q

What is “Lead time bias”?

A

A phenomenon where early Dx of a dz falsely makes it look like people are surviving longer.
This occurs most frequently in the context of screening.

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12
Q

What is the cell of origin of hemophagocytic HS?

A

Macrophages (not DC)

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13
Q

What is the immunohenotype of feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH)

A

CD1a+, CD1c+, CD11b+, CD18+, MHCII+ in all cases
E-cadherin+ in 4/5 cases
Birbeck granules+ in 4/5 cases (= LC origin)

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14
Q

What % is the probability of local failure and tumor-specific survival rate at 3 y after hypofractionated RT for canine microscopic STS, respectively?

A

Local failure at 3y = 73%

TS-SR at 3y = 61%

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15
Q

3 most common sites for canine gastric CA/ACA?

A

Lesser curvature
Gastric antrum
Pylorus

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16
Q

What % of BLV infected cattle develop LSA or leukemia?

A

5-10%

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17
Q

What are 2 factors (+/- 1 more in different paper) associated with development of UDT SCC in cattle?

A

Bracken fern consumption
Presence of papillomas
+/- BPV-4

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18
Q

What is the most common primary feline ocular tumor?

A

Anterior uveal melanoma (= diffuse iris melanoma)

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19
Q

Which of intraocular and conjunctival LSA MST is 549 days (18m) in dogs and cats?

A 
Conjunctival LSA (MST 18m)
Intraocular MST was 6m
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20
Q

What are 2 characteristics of gene alteration in TVT?

A

Insertion of LINE-1 upstream of c-myc, oncogene
(PCR of LINE-1-c-myc can be used for definitive Dx)
Point mutation in p53

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21
Q

Does intracavitary chemotherapy with mitoxantron +/- carboplatin improve MST in dogs with carcinomatosis, sarcomatosis, or mesothelioma compared to without treatment?

A

Yes.
MST with IC = 11m
MST without IC = 1m

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22
Q

Does intracavitary chemotherapy with mitoxantron +/- carboplatin in addition to IV chemotherapy improve MST in dogs with carcinomatosis, sarcomatosis, or mesothelioma compared to IV chemo alone?

A

No

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23
Q

What % of GSD have MDR1 mutation?

A

10%

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24
Q

What breed is the highest % of HOMOzygous MDR1 mutation?

A

Collie
(HOMO = 35%, HETERO = 42%)

FYI.
Australian Shepherd: HOMO = 10%, HETERO = 37%

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25
Q

What are 2 canine breeds that has higher risk of testicular tumor?
Also, what testicular tumor do these 2 breeds develop?

A

Collie & Shetland Sheepdog (5x more likely)

Sertoli cell tumor

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26
Q

How does mesothelioma metastasize/spread?

Is distant metastasis common?

A

Transcoelomic implantation

Distant metastasis is rare

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27
Q

What is a negative Px and 2 positive Px factors of feline nasal LSA treated with RT, respectively?

A

Negative Px factor: anemia
Positive Px factors: RT >32Gy, CR

2016 JVMS Fu:

  • apoptotic index (RR not ST)
  • Ki67 (RR & MST)
28
Q

What are 6 Px factors in canine OSA?

What are these factors Px for?

A 
ezrin - DFI
RON - DFI, ST
survivin - DFI
VEGF - DFI
COX-2 - DFI, ST
HSP - DFI (?), ST
29
Q

What is the MST in dogs with non-lymphomatous nasal tumor treated with robotic SBRT (SRS)?
What is the most common acute and late side effects?

A

MST 13m
Acute: skin and mucositis
Late: skin (seizure but unknown)

30
Q

What % of canine digital SCC metastasize? (range)

What % of canine digital SCC revealed radiographic bone lysis? (range)

A

Mets: 13-26%

Bone lysis: 40-80%

31
Q

What % of canine digital melanoma metastasize? (range)

What % of canine digital melanoma revealed radiographic bone lysis? (range)

A

Mets: 17-50%

Bone lysis: 5-79%

32
Q

What % of canine appendicular OSA have LN mets?

A

4.4%

33
Q

What % of dogs treated with CCNU alone develop liver enzymes elevation?
What % of dogs treated with CCNU and Denamarin develop liver enzymes elevation?

A

CCNU alone = 84%

CCNU + Denamarin = 68%

34
Q

Which of malignant and benign liver tumor is more common in dogs and cats, respectively?

A

Dog: malignant
Cat: benign

35
Q

Is feline bile duct cystadenoma more common in multiple form than single form?

A

No. It is evenly distributed.

36
Q

About 25% of feline liver tumor develop hypoglyecemia?

A

No hypoglycemia in 1992 JAVMA Post et al.

37
Q

What is the most common biochem abnormality in feline liver tumor?

A

Azotemia

38
Q

What is the cell origin of LGL LSA?

A

Majority (90%) = cytotoxic T cells (CD3+, CD8+, CD20-)
(60% exp. CD103 (integrin alpha E)

10% = NK cell

39
Q

Is feline LGL LSA more commonly involving multiple anatomic sites?

A

No. 92% localized in GIT (most likely in SI)

40
Q

What is the ORR of chemo in cats with LGL LSA?

A

ORR 30%

41
Q

What are the cell markers for Hodgkin’s LSA?
Classical HL:
Nodular lymphocyte-prediminant HL:

A 
Classical HL (RS cells): negative all of below
Nodular lymphocyte-prediminant HL (L+H cells): CD79a+, BLA.36+
42
Q

What are cell markers for AML?

A

CD11b+, CD11c+, MPO+, CD34+, CD45+, CD18+, CD14+, ALP+

43
Q

Explain cisplatin nephrotoxicity based on aquation reaction.

A

Cl concentration: intracellular (1/13) &laquo_space;extracellular
Condition under high Cl concentration: aquation reaction does NOT occur
Aquation reaction convert inactive cis to active cis form

44
Q

What are the hormonal mechanism of development of perianal adenoma?

A 
Andeogenic hormones (testosterone, DHEA): stimulate growth
Estrogenic hormones (estrogen): inhibit growth
*OHE female dogs:
Low estrogen = decreased inhibition from estrogen
High testosterone = due to adrenal accompanied with HAC = stimulate tumor growth
45
Q

What are 5 factors shared with human breast cancer that is the reason why canine mammary tumor is a good human BC models?

A

BRCA, GH/IGF-1, EGFR, HER2, HR (ER & PR)

46
Q

Name 5 solid tumors that has evidence of biological response to Palladia?
What is the rate of clinical benefit?

A

AGASACA, OSA, thyroid CA, H&N CA, nasal CA

CB = 74%

47
Q

What is MEN 2A tumors?

A

Medullary thyroid CA + pheochromocytoma + parathyroid hyperplasia

48
Q

What is MEN 1 tumors?

A

Pancreatic tumor + parathyroid glands + anterior pituitary gland

49
Q

What is MEN 2B (MEN 3) tumors?

A

Medullary thyroid CA + pheochromocytoma + ganglioneuroma

50
Q

Why a caution needs to paid for using Denamarin in chemotherapy treatments to prevent chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity?

A

Denamarin is an anti-oxidant which may decrease anti-tumor effects.

51
Q

What % dogs developed elevated LE with and without Denamarin undergoing CCNU?

A 
With = 68%*
Without = 84%*
52
Q

What are the Sn & Sp to detect invasion into surrounding structures based on palpation and CT, retrospectively?

A 
Palpation = Sn 71%, Sp 0%
CT = Sn 70%, Sp 100%
53
Q

What is the range of RR in dogs with SQ HSA treated with doxorubicin based chemo?

A

39-44%

54
Q

Is calcitriol effective and also safe in dogs with MCT?

A

Has synergistic effects with chemo but too toxic

55
Q

What % of previously Dx of GI leiomyoSA was reclassified as GIST?

A

67%

56
Q

What is IHC marker to distinguish GIST from leiomyoSA?

A

c-ki = CD117

57
Q

Is there any difference in SR and short-term survival between dogs underwent thoracoscopic and thoracotomy for removal of lung tumors?

A

No
1y and 2y SR were similar
Comparable short-term outcome

58
Q

What % developed hypothyroidism after RT for thyroid CA?

What is the median time to develop hypothyroidism?

A

47.6%

6 months post RT

59
Q

What % is local tumor recurrence of FISS post radical Sx (5cm margins)?
What % is the mets rate?

A

14% recurred

20% mets

60
Q

What % developed crea > 2.0 after cisplatin and piroxicam and Tavocept (mesna)?
What was ORR in that paper?

A

21% (much less than historical controls)
Also Tavocept decreased diuresis time (from >6h to 90m)
ORR 27% (lower than Hx control)

61
Q

What WBC lineage is lost in cas with FIV or FIV+FeLV?

A

CD4+ lymphocytes

They have low CD4+/CD8+ ratio

62
Q

What % is the recurrence rate of SQ MCT incompletely removed?

A

12%

overall 8%, completely removed 2%

63
Q

What is the mets rate of SQ MCT in dogs?

A

4%

64
Q

Name 8 B cell markers

A

CD1, CD79a, CD20, CD21, CD45, MHC II, Pax5, CD18 (low)

65
Q

Name 6 T cell markers

A

CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD45, CD18 (high)

ACVIM Specialty Exam (4 decks)

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