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CompTIA A+ 1001 > Cheat Sheet (Ports, Troubleshooting, RAID, 802.11) > Flashcards

Cheat Sheet (Ports, Troubleshooting, RAID, 802.11) Flashcards

1
Q

Troubleshooting Step 1

A

Word: Identify

Identify the problem:
Question the user & identify user changes to computer & perform backups before making changes

Inquire regarding environmental/infrastructure changes

Review system & application logs

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2
Q

Troubleshooting Step 2

A

Word: Guess

Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious):
If necessary, conduct external/internal research based on symptoms

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3
Q

Troubleshooting Step 3

A

Word: Test

Test the theory to determine the cause:
Once the theory is confirmed, determine the next steps to resolve problem

If theory is not confirmed, re-establish new theory or escalate

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4
Q

Troubleshooting Step 4

A

Word: Plan/Implement

Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem & implement the solution

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5
Q

Troubleshooting Step 5

A

Word: Verify

Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventative measures

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6
Q

Troubleshooting Step 6

A

Word: Document

Document findings, actions, & outcomes

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7
Q

Port 21

A

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Standard network protocol for transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a network. (Unencrypted)

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8
Q

Port 22

A

SSH (Secure Shell)

Cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network.

Remote CLI, Remote login

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9
Q

Port 23

A

Telnet

Application protocol used on LAN or Internet to provide a bi-directional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.

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10
Q

Port 25

A

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Industry standard protocol for email sending.
Sends/relays/forwards messages from a mail client to a receiving email server.

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11
Q

Port 53

A

DNS (Domain Name System)

Naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.

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12
Q

Port 80

A

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Application layer protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia info systems.

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13
Q

Port 110

A

POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)

Email protocol that deals with managing & retrieving emails from the receiving server.

Download the email from a server to a single computer, then deletes email from server.

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14
Q

Port 143

A

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

Email protocol that deals with managing & retrieving emails from the receiving server.

Stores the message on a server & synchronizes the message across multiple devices.

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15
Q

Port 443

A

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

Extension of HTTP used for secure communication. incorporates SSL/TLS

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16
Q

Port 3389

A

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

Proprietary protocol (Microsoft) that provides user with GUI to connect to another computer over a network connection.

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17
Q

Port 137-139

A

NetBIOS/NetBT

Networking protocol that allows legacy computer applications relying on the NetBIOS API to be used on modern TCP/IP networks.

18
Q

Port 445

A

SMB/CIFS

SMB = Server Message Block
File sharing protocol (IBM) designed to allow computers to read/write files to a remote host over a LAN. Directories made in SMB are called “shares”

CIFS = Common Internet File System
A dialect of SMB (a particular implementation) made by Microsoft

19
Q

Port 427

A

SLP (Service Location Protocol)

Service directory protocol that allows computers & other devices to find services in a LAN without prior configuration

20
Q

Port 548

A

AFP (Apple File Protocol)

Dynamic file-exchange platform for secure transfer of files within & between organizations.

21
Q

Port 67/68

A

DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)

Network management protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices.

22
Q

Port 389

A

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

Open source industry standard application protocol for accessing/maintaining distributed directory information services over an IP network.

23
Q

Port 161/162

A

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Internet standard protocol for collecting/organizing info about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior.

24
Q

RAID 0

A

AKA: Disk Striping
Does not provide redundancy.
Requires at least 2 drives.
One drive fails = all data lost

25
Q

RAID 1

A

AKA: Disk Mirroring/Duplexing
Requires at least 2 drives.
Great for safety (more fault-tolerant)
Loss of storage space (duplicated data)

26
Q

RAID 5

A

AKA: Disk Striping with Distributed Parity
Requires at least 3 drives.
Fastest way to provide data redundancy.
Uses one drive’s worth of space for parity
Out of favor today.

27
Q

RAID 10 (1+0)

A

AKA: Nested Striped Mirrors
Requires at least 4 drives.
Can lose up to 2 drives.
Pair of RAID 1 arrays | Arrays look like single drives
Block stripe across the two mirrored pairs (RAID 0)

28
Q

802.11a

A 
5GHz
150ft Range
54Mbps
8 channels
Less prone to interference than 802.11b & g
29
Q

802.11b

A 
2.4GHz
300ft Range
11Mbps
14 channels (11 for US)
3 non-overlapping channels
30
Q

802.11g

A 
2.4GHz
300ft Range
54Mbps
14 channels (11 US)
Backwards compatibility: 802.11b
Improved security
3 non-overlapping channels
31
Q

802.11n

A 
2.4 & 5GHz
300ft Range
100+Mbps
MIMO (range/speed increase)
Backwards compatibility: 802.11b & g
Same as 802.11g but with 5GHz band
32
Q

802.11ac

A 
5GHz
300+ft Range
1Gbps
MU-MIMO
Backward compatibility: b, g, n
33
Q

Ipconfig Commands

A 
ipconfig
ipconfig /all
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
ipconfig /flushdns
34
Q

Private IP Addresses

A

Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

35
Q

Cloud: On-Demand

A

Adding/reducing capacity based on demand

The application adjusts according to demands

36
Q

Cloud: Measured Service

A

Charges based on traffic going in/out of a web app

Paying for the time that every one of the virtualized services is running

37
Q

Cloud: Metered Service

A

Charges based on amount of processing resources used

Enables careful monetization of resources used

38
Q

Cloud: Resource Pooling

A

Consolidating a system’s physical & time resources

39
Q

Cloud: Rapid Elasticity

A

Being able to easily/quickly expand/contract necessary resources needed

40
Q

Wireless Encryption

A 
WEP: IV (Initialization Vector)
WPA = PSK (Pre-Shared Key)
WPA2 = AES (Advanced Encryption System)
WPA/WPA2 = TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
Highest Level = WPA2-PSK
Guest Network = Disable/Open

CompTIA A+ 1001 (9 decks)

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