CHE Flashcards
Atom
Smallest complete particle of matter
Concentration
Number of particles per unit volume
Ionic bonding
An electrostatic attraction between two or more negative and positive ions that form a neutral compound.
Covalent bonding
A chemical bond between two non-metal atoms where electrons are shared.
Acid
A chemical which donates H+ to solution
Base
A chemical which takes H+ from solution
Rate of reaction
The number of successful collisions per unit time
Temperature
Kinetic energy of particles
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to start
Particle theory
All matter is made of tiny particles
Collision theory
when two or more reactants collide with enough energy to surpass the activation energy and with the proper orientation for the reaction to proceed.
How to measure RoR in section A of a graph
Line is the steepest (largest gradient)
Very high concentration of reactants present
Means it has the largest number of reactant particles available to collide per unit volume
Highest frequency of successful collisions (highest number of collisions per second)
Results in fastest rate of reaction
High volume of carbon dioxide CO2 produced per second
How to measure RoR in section B of a graph
Line is less steep
Less concentration of reactants present as they are used up
Lower number of reactant particles available to collide per unit time
Decreased frequency of successful collisions
Results in slower rate of reaction
Lower volume of carbon dioxide CO2 produced
RoR factors - temperature
When temperature increases
Particles gain kinetic energy so move faster
This increases number of collisions per unit time
This increases frequency of successful collisions
Therefore rate of reaction increases
When temperature increases
Particles gain kinetic energy
So more particles have greater energy to overcome activation energy
This increases proportion of successful collisions
Therefore rate of reaction increases
RoR factors - surface area
When surface area increases
More particles are immediately exposed and available to collide
This increases number of collisions per unit time
This increases frequency of successful collisions
Therefore rate of the reaction increases
RoR factors - concentration
When concentration increases
More particles per volume, less space between particles
This increases number of collisions per unit time
This increases frequency of successful collisions
Therefore rate of reaction increases
Explain the relationship between amount of product produces and rate of reaction between two experiments.
The volume of products produced is the same therefore both lines finish at the same point.
The mass of starting reactants in each experiment is the same
They produce the same amount of product
It is just that one reaction is occurring than another
