CHD

Question 1

Links to socio economic environment

Answer 1

Socioeconomic status - low SES has been associated with a higher prevelrncr of CHD and poorer health outcomes

Healthcare access and utilisation - socioeconomic factors can impact access to healthcare services, including preventative care, timely diagnosis, and appropriate management of CHD - caused by deficits in finance and income

Health literacy - refers to an individual’s ability to obtain, process and understand health information - lower health literacy levels can impede individuals understanding of CHD risk factors, treatment options and self management strategies

Lifestyle factors - socioeconomic factors influencing lifestyle choices which impact CHD risk. Those with lower SES may have limited access to healthy food options. Those with lower SES are more likely to engage in in unhealthy behaviours such as drinking and smoking and face challenges adopting a healthy lifestyle due to environmental constraints

Stress and psychological factors - socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with higher levels of chronic stress and psychological factors such as job strain, finiancial strain, isolation, and limited social support

Question 2

How many people in Uk living with CHD and what’s the survival rate of heart attacks

Answer 2

2.3 million

7/10 people

Question 3

Impacts on health and well-being

Answer 3

Cardiovascular health - narrowed or blocked blood vessels reduce blood flow to the heart which can result in angina ( chest pain) or a heart attack

Quality of life - CHD can significantly impact upon an individuals activity and exertion leading to reduced mobility and exercise tolerance

Fatigue and energy levels - reduced blood flow to the heart can result in low energy levels

Social impact - CHD can limit people ability to engage in social activities, including hobbies, sports and recreational events

Emotional well-being - coping with CHD can lead to emotional challenges such as stress anxiety and depression. The fear of experiencing chest pain or having a heart attack can cause significant psychological distress

Question 4

Links to the physical environment

Answer 4

Air quality - poor air quality particularly high levels of air pollution has. Even associated with an increased risk of developing CHD

Built environment - the design of the built environment can influence physical activity levels, which in turn impact cardiovascular health e.g. sidewalks and bike paths and parks

Access to healthy food - the availability and accessibility of healthy food options, such as fresh fruit and veg and whole grains play a role in reducing CHD. Places with limited access to nutritious food are called food deserts

Question 5

Management and mitigation strategies

Answer 5

Lifestyle modifications - healthy diet
Physical activity
Smoking cessation
Weight management
Stress management

Education and support

Access to healthy food and physical activity

Improved environmental quality - e.g. air pollution

Medication - e.g. beta blockers

Medical procedures

Ongoing medical care