Chaucer To tottels miscellany (15th century)

Question 1

What is the century after Chaucer to tottels miscellany

Answer 1

15th century

Question 2

15th century was generally

Answer 2

Barren

Question 3

The 15th century had maybe a dearth of literary talent. But also even when talent exists it depends on?

Answer 3

Favorable conditions for its expression

Question 4

What were the unfavorable conditions of 15th century

Answer 4

Religion degenerated, persecution– was employed to stamp out reform, country was distracted by politics– Wars of the Roses( York and Lancaster) , old order of fedualism shaken, low state of education– Universities wasting time on debates about medieval philosophy, middle class rising– hostile to intellectual activity

Question 5

The greater part of poetry of 15th century is

Answer 5

Imitative of Chaucer ( Chaucerians)

Question 6

In the poetry of 15th century we find what Chaucerians?

Answer 6

English and Scottish Chaucerians

Question 7

Here and there real genius would show. What is a poem long ascribed to Chaucer but now known to be from an unknown Chaucerian?

Answer 7

The flower and the leaf

Question 8

Who are the best known English Chaucerians

Answer 8

Thomas Occleve and John Lydgate

Question 9

Name a major poem Occleve wrote, in what form, and talk about it

Answer 9

Governail of princes , in Chauceria 7line stanza (ababbcc) and in prologue he tells us about himself and his grief over Chaucers death, sings Chaucers praise

Question 10

Minor poem of Thomas Occleve

Answer 10

Moder of God

Question 11

Give John Lydgates background

Answer 11

A Benedictine monk of Bury St.Edmunds

Question 12

Name some of John Lydgates works and what was one of them based on, and one of them was deisgned as a new?

Answer 12

Storie of Thebes( new Canterbury Tale), Troy Boke, Falles of Princes( based on a French paraphrase of Latin work by Boccaccio)

Question 13

Where was the best poetry of the 15th century written

Answer 13

Scotland

Question 14

Why can we say the best poetry of 15th century was Scottish

Answer 14

Though Chaucers influence was marked there was a spirit of originality or individuality

Question 15

There is not much originality but there is great personal feeling in which Kings work written for whom

Answer 15

The Kings Quair written by King James I of scotland for Lady Jane Beaufort( a Duke’s daughter ) who became his wife

Question 16

Why is Chaucerian stanza also called rhyme royal

Answer 16

Because King James I used it for The Kings Quair

Question 17

Who was the greatest British poet between Chaucer and Spenser, whose individuality is clear

Answer 17

William Dunbar

Question 18

Name some poems of William Dunbar and talk about them wrt individuality

Answer 18

The Thistle and the Rose( to commemorate wedding of James IV of Scotland to Margaret, daughter of Henry 7 of England ) – imitates Chaucer

Some satirical ballads
and Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins – full of Scottish character, poets personality, pathos and humour

Question 19

Name some poems of Robert Henryson wrt individuality

Answer 19

Testament of Cresseid–imitates Chaucer
Robin and Makyne – an original story which is model for Robert Burn’s duncan grey

Question 20

Name some poems of Gawain Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld wrt individuality

Answer 20

Palice of Honour– imitates Chaucer
Translation of Aenid, prologues to the books- full of originality

Question 21

What is specially interesting about the Scottish Chaucerians

Answer 21

The treatment of nature

Question 22

Chaucers descriptions of nature had become a convention among English poets. How is nature specially handed by Scottish poets

Answer 22

There too the convention reappears but men also study Scotch nature from reality and depict it for themselves

Question 23

Which country poets did much to bring love of nature into English literature

Answer 23

Scottish poets

Question 24

15th century was rich in a kind of minor verse that fostered love of poetry among English people. That is?

Answer 24

Ballad

Question 25

Name some of the popular ballad literature after Chaucers death

Answer 25

Battle of Otterburn, the nut brown maid, ballads of Robin Hood cycle

Question 26

What was more promising prose or poetry of 15th century ? English men were beginning to shape the rough materials of their native tongue.

Answer 26

Prose

Question 27

Give background of Reginald Pecock. Also what was his bold break with tradition?

Answer 27

Bishop of St.Asaphs and later Chichester who took an active part of religious controversies – he was too conservative for the Lollards and vice versa. Made bold break with tradition when he set out his arguments in English instead of Latin.

Question 28

Name some of Reginald Pecocks works

Answer 28

Repressor of Overmuch Blaming of the Clergy, Boke Of Faith

Question 29

Name a work of Sir John Fortescue in politics

Answer 29

The difference between an absolute and limited monarchy

Question 30

What were some important miscellaneous proses of 15th century

Answer 30

William Caxtons proses

Question 31

The greatest prose of 15th century and author

Answer 31

Morte d’arthur of Sir Thomas Malory

Question 32

When was Morte d’arthur completed

Answer 32

Ninth year of King Edward IV

Question 33

Talk about content of Morte d’arthur. Also wrt dying medieval age.

Answer 33

Work is compilation of French romances dealing with King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. Malory wanted to make these disconnected stories into a summary.

In a age when medieval spirit and feudalism was dying, Malory looked back sentimentally and his book is full of ancient system of knighthood idealised.

Question 34

What modern works and poets did Morte d’Arthur inspire

Answer 34

Matthew Arnold, Tennyson( Idylls of the king), Swinburne

Question 35

Talk about style of Morte d’arthur

Answer 35

It is artless with little attention to grammar But wonderfully racy and picturesque, ocassionally very impressive

Question 36

The 15th century was not a period of production but of

Answer 36

Preparation

Question 37

The origin of the great intellectual awakening is in

Answer 37

The Italian revival of learning

Question 38

With whom and in which century did the revival of learning begin

Answer 38

Petrarch and Boccaccio, 14th century

Question 39

The 15th century was the great age of Italian humanism. Name some patrons of the arts

Answer 39

Florentine baker Cosimo de Medici, his grandson Lorenzo the Magnificent

Question 40

Monastic libraries were ransacked and forgotten treasures of Greek and Latin learning brought to light. Talk about the two ways the revival of learning/Renaissance made an impact

Answer 40

1) it freed thought from the bondage of medieval theology by restoring ideals of pagan antiquity

2) gave writers literary masterpieces which they could take as models for their own efforts

Question 41

What were the other ways in which Italian humanism flowed into English soil

Answer 41

1) English scholars crossed the Alps to study in Italian cities, bringing back inspiration with them
2) the new learning was firmly established in Oxford and Cambridge before 15th century was over
3) Young important Englishmen considered a visit to Italy necessary for education in art

Question 42

What helped spread the ideas of the revival of learning and change spirit of the world

Answer 42

Introduction of printing. In England it was by William Caxton in Westminster 1476.

Question 43

The results of the revival of learning are first shown in…What was the prelude period to the great creative age of Elizabeth

Answer 43

Early Tudor period

Question 44

What kind of literature was the prose of the early Renaissance

Answer 44

Little of general literature but many of special subjects which concerned people of that time

Question 45

Name some works which reflected growing interest in Scriptures in the years before the Reformation and influenced standard English prose greatly.

Answer 45

William Tyndales English New Testament
Complete English Bible of Miles Coverdale
Cromwells ‘Great’ Bible

Question 46

What is the most thoroughly typical work of the early Renaissance in england

Answer 46

Utopia by sir Thomas more

Question 47

Talk about what influenced the work Utopia and who translated it into English from Latin.

Answer 47

Platos republic influenced it with speculations about life, religion, government – it was translated into English by Ralph Robinson

Question 48

Name some works written by the masterful prose author Roger Ascham” in the English tongue for English men”

Answer 48

Toxophilius / Schole of Shooting

Educational treatise ‘ The Scholemaster’ posthumously published

Question 49

In the revival of English poetry, the direct influence was that of

Answer 49

Italy

Question 50

A few poets in early Renaissance carried out chaucerian tradition or developed independent style. Name them and talk about them

Answer 50

Stephen Hawes- Pastime Of Pleasure- follows old allegorical style

John Skelton- began by imitating Chaucer but later evolved own style for coarse, vigorous attacks on Cardinal Wolsey

Question 51

But the new movement of poetry really began at the thoroughly italianised court of

Answer 51

King Henry VIII

Question 52

Who were the men at King Henry 8s court who drunk deep of Italian poetry and polished the English poetry

Answer 52

Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry howard, earl of Surrey

Question 53

Together Wyatt and Surrey brought from Italy the amourist or love poetry popularised by Petrarch and followers. With it came the form of

Answer 53

Sonnet

Question 54

Surrey, imitating Italian models, was the first English poet to use in his translations of Aenid, the

Answer 54

Unrhymed , ten syllable verse Blank verse

Question 55

Wyatt and Surrey are the chief poets represented in a collection of ___ which is commonly known as ___ and is the first English ___

Answer 55

Songs and Sonnets, Tottels miscellany, anthology

Question 56

Tottels miscellany was published in 1557, the year before 1558 when __ thus it marks the dawn of a new age.

Answer 56

Queen elizabeth came to the throne