Chart Analysis

Question 1

When planning the mission, what factors contribute to choosing track, distance and time?

Answer 1

• Airspace
• Towns
• Diversion airfields
• Terrain
• Other adverse operations

Question 2

For fuel planning purposes, what fuel load is full tanks?

Answer 2

1200 lbs

Question 3

What does departure fuel consist of?

Answer 3

• STTO fuel
• Flight fuel
• Alternate fuel
• Variable reserve
• Fixed Reserve
• Holding fuel
• Fuel for instrument approach

Question 4

For PC-21 what is Start, Taxi, TO fuel?

Answer 4

50 lbs

Question 5

For PC-21, what is variable reserve?

Answer 5

10% of flight fuel

Question 6

What is fixed reserve for visual recovery?

Answer 6

200 lbs on downwind for full stop landing

Question 7

What is fixed reserve for instrument recovery?

Answer 7

At the IAF to provide at least 200 lbs on downwind for a circling approach

Question 8

What is instrument approach fuel?

Answer 8

80 lbs

Question 9

What is holding fuel? What is this based on?

Answer 9

400 lbs/hr fuel flow

- 160 KIAS at 20-30 TQ, sea level

Question 10

To determine flight fuel, what must a pilot of PC-21 do?

Answer 10

Determine the fuel used for each phase of flight in climb, cruise, descent.

Question 11

What should hazards be demarked as?

Answer 11

Using a red highlighter

Question 12

What is the Critical Point (CP) or Equi-Time Point (ETP)?

Answer 12

• The position from which it takes equal time to fly to any of two airfields.
• Can determine which airfield will take the least time to fly to from the present position if an emergency were to occur.

Question 13

What is the formula for the Critical Point (CP)?

Answer 13

X = (D x H) / (O + H) where:
X = Distance from departure to CP
D = Total Distance
O = Groundspeed On
H = Groundspeed Home

Question 14

What is the point of no return (PNR)?

Answer 14

The last point at which an aircraft can return to the departure Airfield with fuel reserves intact.

Question 15

What is the Maximum Safe Endurance (MSE)?

Answer 15

Total time an aircraft can fly before the fuel remaining reaches a nominated Fuel Reserve

Question 16

What is the formula for PNR?

Answer 16

Time to PNR = (MSE x Groundspeed Home)/(Groundspeed out/Groundspeed Home)

Question 17

What are the different safety altitudes ?

Answer 17

1) LSALT - Lowest Safe Altitude
2) MORA - Minimum Off-Route Altitude
3) MSA - Minimum Sector Altitude
4) MVA - Minimum Vectoring Altitude
4) ASH - Area Safe Height

Question 18

What is the definition of LSALT?

Answer 18

An altitude calculated to be 1000ft above the highest terrain or obstacle within a navigated tolerance area

Question 19

Where elevation of highest terrain does not exceed 500 ft AMSL, what must LSALT must not be less than?

Answer 19

1500 t AMSL

Question 20

What height of obstacles do not need to be reported and therefore must be taken into account when calculating LSALT?

Answer 20

360 feet

Question 21

What clearance do Minimum Off Route (MORA) give ?

Answer 21

1000ft altitude above terrain and 2000 ft altitude clearance above mountainous terrain.

Question 22

What are reference points for route MORA?

Answer 22

Route MORA is an altitude that provides reference point clearance within 10NM of the route centerline and end fixes

Question 23

What is an area safety height ?

Answer 23

An altitude that will provide terrain clearance for an aircraft along the planned route or while diverting if IMC are encountered.

Question 24

How is ASH calculated?

Answer 24

1) Determining the elevation of the highest feature within the effective area
2) Adding altitude tolerance
3) Rounding to nearest 100 feet

Question 25

What radius around planned track must be considered when calculating ASH?

Answer 25

55 NM