Charles' relations with parliament to 1629 Flashcards
What characterized Charles I’s relationship with his first Parliament in 1625?
Charles I’s first Parliament in 1625 was marked by conflict over finance and foreign policy. Parliament was reluctant to grant him sufficient funds for his wars, especially after the Cadiz Expedition failed. This set the stage for ongoing tensions.
Why did Parliament refuse to grant tonnage and poundage for life in 1625?
Parliament granted Charles tonnage and poundage (customs duties) for only one year instead of the traditional lifetime grant, as they wanted to limit his financial independence. This was seen as a direct challenge to Charles’s authority and royal prerogative.
How did Charles I’s marriage to Henrietta Maria cause friction with Parliament?
Charles’s marriage to Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French princess, caused suspicion and distrust in Parliament, which feared the rise of Catholic influence at court and in English politics, leading to religious and political tensions early in his reign.
How did foreign policy failures contribute to tensions between Charles and Parliament?
Charles’s foreign policy failures, particularly the disastrous Cadiz Expedition (1625) and later the La Rochelle expedition (1627), wasted money and resources. Parliament blamed Buckingham, and their refusal to provide further funds heightened tensions.
How did the Five Knights Case (1627) escalate tensions between Charles and Parliament?
The Five Knights Case saw five knights imprisoned for refusing to pay the Forced Loan. They challenged their imprisonment, but Charles defended his right to detain them without trial, invoking the royal prerogative. This raised fears of arbitrary rule and deepened mistrust.
What role did George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, play in the deterioration of Charles I’s relationship with Parliament?
Buckingham was a key figure in Charles’s court and heavily involved in foreign policy. His unpopularity with Parliament, due to his perceived incompetence and control over the king, led to multiple attempts by MPs to impeach him, straining the relationship further.
What was the Forced Loan of 1626, and how did it affect Charles I’s relationship with Parliament?
The Forced Loan was a non-parliamentary tax imposed by Charles after Parliament refused to grant him sufficient funds. It was deeply unpopular, and many saw it as an abuse of royal power. Several prominent figures, including Sir Thomas Wentworth, refused to pay, leading to their imprisonment.
How did Parliament respond to Charles I’s foreign policy and Buckingham’s influence in 1628?
In 1628, Parliament continued to criticize Buckingham’s role in the failed expeditions. This led to the Petition of Right, which sought to limit royal power by asserting that no taxation could be levied without Parliament’s consent, and no one could be imprisoned without cause.
What was the significance of the Petition of Right (1628)?
The Petition of Right was a significant constitutional document that challenged Charles’s use of forced loans, arbitrary imprisonment, and the billeting of soldiers. While Charles initially agreed to it, his later actions showed he had no intention of abiding by its terms, deepening the conflict with Parliament.
What caused Charles I to dissolve Parliament in 1629?
Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629 after heated disputes over tonnage and poundage (which he continued to collect without Parliament’s consent) and religious concerns, particularly the influence of Arminianism. This marked the beginning of his Personal Rule.
How did the assassination of Buckingham in 1628 affect Charles I’s relationship with Parliament?
The assassination of Buckingham by John Felton was greeted with relief by many in Parliament. However, Charles took this as a personal attack and became more distrustful and isolated from Parliament, blaming them for fostering hostility towards his favorite.
How did religious divisions between Parliament and Charles contribute to their deteriorating relationship by 1629?
Religious tensions were high due to Charles’s support for Arminianism, which many in Parliament saw as too close to Catholicism. His promotion of Arminians, like William Laud, increased fears of Catholic sympathies and further strained relations.
What were the Three Resolutions (1629), and how did they impact Charles’s decision to dissolve Parliament?
The Three Resolutions were passed by Parliament just before its dissolution, condemning anyone who paid tonnage and poundage or promoted Arminianism as an enemy of the kingdom. This direct challenge to his authority prompted Charles to dissolve Parliament and begin his Personal Rule.
What was the Personal Rule (1629-1640), and why did it begin?
The Personal Rule began when Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629 and ruled without it for 11 years. It began because of the irreconcilable differences over finance, foreign policy, and religion, leading Charles to rely on alternative, often controversial, methods of raising revenue.
How did Charles I’s financial policies contribute to his deteriorating relationship with Parliament by 1629?
Charles’s repeated demands for subsidies, his use of the Forced Loan, and his continued collection of tonnage and poundage without Parliament’s consent angered MPs. His reliance on non-parliamentary taxation created ongoing disputes over royal prerogative and the rights of Parliament.
