Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Stuarts > Charles I > Flashcards

Charles I Flashcards

1
Q

When did Charles I marry Henrietta-Maria (by proxy)?

A

1st May 1625

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Charles asked Parliament for £1 million in 1625 for involvement in Thirty Years’ War but didn’t provide further explanation. How much did he get instead?

A

Two subsidies - around £140,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why may Parliament have refused to grant Charles tonnage and poundage for life?

A

A slight at Buckingham as Lord of the Admirality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why was the Cadiz such a foreign policy failure in 1625?

A

4000/6000 troops died of disease and starvation: more had been lost due to lack of food than enemy gunfire. The fleet also failed to take the Spanish port of Cadiz or capture the Spanish treasure fleet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the 1625 Act of Revocation?

A

Charles exploited a feudal right to take land from the Scottish elite to support the Church in Scotland. United the landowners against Charles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Charles include in a 1625 proclamation commanding observation of the Articles of Perth?

A

Further personal instructions for kneeling at communion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was Charles’ 1626 threat to attempt to stop Buckingham’s impeachment?

A

“Remember that parliaments are altogether in my power for their calling, sitting and dissolution. Therefore, as I find the fruits of them good or evil, they are to continue or not to be.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the 1626 forced loan’s manner of collection?

A

They were all summoned to public meetings where they were individually pressed to agree to pay. Public manner of collection made any refusal a very open act of opposition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who said Charles’ personal identification with the 1626 forced loan made it a “test of political loyalty”?

A

Richard Cust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many people were imprisoned for refusing to pay the forced loan?

A

76

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who stressed obedience to the king in an opening sermon for the 1626 Parliament?

A

William Laud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What and when was the York House Conference?

A

February 1626 conference called by Buckingham (held at his own house) on the request of Puritan Earl of Warwick surrounding controversy over Montagu’s writings. In Charles’ absence, Buckingham supported anti-Calvinist Laud and reiterated the Crown’s uncompromising position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Laud become in April 1627?

A

A privy councillor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why was La Rochelle a foreign policy failure?

A

The direct assault failed because the scaling ladders were too short, the army was fighting on behalf of the Huguenots who had already made peace with the King of France. Only 2989/7833 soldiers returned (among them John Felton)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What and when was the Five Knights’ Case?

A

1627: Opposition to Charles’ forced loan. Five of the main resisters had claimed a write of habeas corpus demanding they be tried for an offence or released. In this case, the judgement upheld Charles’ prerogative right to imprison without trial BUT only in this particular case.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was Charles’ response to the Five Knights’ Case? What did this then provoke?

A

He allowed one of his leading legal officers, Attorney General Sir Robert Heath, to falsify the legal records to say it was a general right. This deviance provoked the 1628 Petition of Right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When were the Five Knights released?

A

1628

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What did Laud become in 1628?

A

Bishop of London

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What were some of Laud’s reforms?

A

Wearing of surplices.
Placing communion table, railed off from congregation, at the east end of the chancel.
Ceremonial aspects such as bowing at the name of Jesus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What were the four demands of the 1628 Petition of Right?

A

Parliament had to consent to taxation.
People could be imprisoned only if just cause was shown.
Imposition of martial law on the population was illegal.
Imposition of billeting on the population was illegal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was wrong with how Charles responded to the Petition of Right, and on what date?

A

On 7th June 1628, Charles accepted but didn’t give the necessary royal assent. Although he did later, the extent of his deceptiveness had caused irreparable damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the Remonstrance on the 17th June 1628, and the follow-up a week later?

A

Attacked Buckingham’s foreign policy failure. Second issuing also criticised Charles’ continued collection of tonnage and poundage despite the Petition of Right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The Three Resolutions expressed opposition to arminianism and collection of tonnage and poundage without parliamentary approval. Who were they forced through by, and when?

A

Radical MPs Sir John Eliot and Denzil Holles on 2nd March 1628

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When was the Duke of Buckingham assassinated?

A

23rd August 1628

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What may have motivated John Felton to assassinate Buckingham?

A

Had been wounded in La Rochelle.
Believed he had been passed over by promotion by Buckingham.
Had seen Parliament’s 1628 Remonstrance and saw Buckingham as the cause of great national suffering, not just his own.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What was Charles’ debt by 1629?

A

£2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was Lord Treasurer Richard Weston’s measures to repair royal finances during the Personal Rule?

A

1629-33: navy, ordinance and royal household departments investigated.
Increased royalist revenue, e.g. by customs duties and recusancy fines (increased from £5.3k a year to £28.866k a year for Catholics)
Ship money - almost full amount collected in 1634
Enclosure laws
Forest courts
Wardship fines increased by 3x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What was the name of the treaty ending war with Spain in 1630?

A

Treaty of Madrid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How much ship money tax was collected between 1634-38? What impact does this have on modern historians?

A

90% was collected, making it hard for modern historians to estimate the extent of opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What were the Book of Orders 1630-31?

A

Enforced law and order, set out duties of all local law enforcement, reformed local government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How did Thomas Wentworth, the Earl of Strafford, cause resentment in Ireland to royalist policy as the Lord Deputy of Ireland?

A

After Irish Parliament gave three subsidies, none of the promised ‘graces’ were offered.
Encroached on native Irish and Old English landowners.
Ecclesiastical reforms were Laudian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When did William Laud become the Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1633

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why was Laudianism hated by most protestants?

A

Doctrine of free will / God’s grace open to all seemed to be an attack on predestination
Highlighted sacramental/ceremonial aspects
Vicar’s role went against Protestant emphasis on scripture
Some Laudians claimed the existence of bishops depended on divine right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What year did Charles finally visit Scotland to be crowned king? How did his coronation upset Scots?

A
  1. Crowned at Edinburgh’s Holyrood Palace instead of traditional coronation spot at Scone or Stirling. The form of ceremony used was seen as Catholic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was the 1633 St Gregory’s Case?

A

Parishioners in St. Gregory’s Church challenged the moving of their communion table to the east end of the church.
The moving sometimes meant family pews had to be moved which caused offence
Altar-covering cloth and rail separating it were reminiscent of Catholicism

36
Q

When was William Prynne’s attack on court masques published? What was it called?

A

1633 - ‘Histrio-mastix (Actor’s Tragedy’

37
Q

When was the Feoffees for Impropriations abolished?

A

February 1633

38
Q

When was ship money extended as a national rate?

A

1635

39
Q

What were within Charles’ canons imposed on Scotland in 1636? The key aspects were based on the Five Articles of Perth and there had been no Scottish coordination.

A

Altar had to be placed against the east wall of the chancel.
Ministers had to wear a surplice when they celebrated communion.
Improvised prayer was banned, had to read from new prayer book.

40
Q

What was the punishment carried out in the 1637 trial of Prynne, Burton and Bastwick who had been convicted of anti-episcopal pamphleteering?

A

Each fined £5000, imprisoned for life and had their ears publicly cropped

41
Q

What was the name of Bishop John Williams’ work that had him imprisoned in 1637?

A

‘The Holy Table, Name and Thing’

42
Q

When was the St Giles’ Cathedral riot, started by Jenny Geddes against the Scottish religious reforms?

A

23rd July 1637

43
Q

How many judges decided against the Crown in the 1638 John Hampden case about opposition to ship money?

A

5/12 judges - too politically costly for Charles

44
Q

What was John Lilburne’s punishment from the Star Chamber for helping to distribute Bastwick’s work? When was this case?

A

February 1638 - fined, whipped and pilloried in public

45
Q

When was the National Covenant formed as an organised resistance to Charles’ religious reforms?

A

February 1638

46
Q

Why did Charles fail to force Scottish religious obedience?

A

English had no desire for war - more sympathetic to Scots, with some Lords’ peers even secretly cooperation.
The English forces were weak whereas Scottish forces were strong.
No cash to fund an army.

47
Q

How many Londoners signed the Root and Branch petition demanding the end of bishops and episcopacy? When was it? What did it result in?

A

December 1640, signed by 15,000 Londoners. Was debated in Parliament in February 1641.

48
Q

When were canon laws passed to codify Laud’s measures?

A

1640

49
Q

What were the dates of the Short Parliament?

A

13th April - 5th May 1640

50
Q

When did the Scots occupy Newcastle?

A

August 1640

51
Q

When did Charles sign the Treaty of Ripon, where he agreed to pay the Scots £300 a day?

A

28th October 1640

52
Q

When and by whom was Laud impeached for high treason?

A

18th December 1640 by Denzil Holles on order of the Commons

53
Q

What were the dates for the Long Parliament?

A

3rd November 1640 – 16th March 1660

54
Q

When was the Irish Rebellion?

A

1641

55
Q

When was Wentworth executed?

A

12th May 1641

56
Q

What did the Scots declare in February 1641?

A

They would not make peace unless there was an end to bishops in Scotland, and Wentworth was dead

57
Q

How many voted in favour of the bill of attainder against Wentworth, following the revelation of the so-called Army Plot?

A

204 votes to 59 - shows substantial majority were in favour of executing Wentworth. However, around half didn’t vote or absented themselves.

58
Q

What were the so-called Army Plots?

A

3rd May 1641 - rumours of a royalist ‘Army Plot’ to Parliament. Centred on an attempt by officers to seize the Tower of London, release Wentworth and dissolve Parliament. Circumstantial evidence of Charles’ involvement but many MPs believed he played a part.

59
Q

How did Parliament respond to the Army Plot?

A

As well as going ahead with the vote on Wentworth’s bill of attainder, they passed a bill stating that they could not be dissolved without their own consent (Charles agreed on 10th May 1641) and drew up the Protestation Oath (showing the contemporary associations between Catholicism and absolutism)

60
Q

What day and what was the 1641 Triennial Act?

A

15th February 1641 - abolished ship money without parliamentary consent and required Charles to call parliament every three years for a minimum sitting of 50 days (failure to do so would automatically call a Parliament).

61
Q

When was Laud imprisoned in the Tower of London?

A

1st March 1641

62
Q

What were the 24th June 1641 Ten Propositions?

A

Document making clear that the king would need to make concessions, although his agreement was unlikely.
Discussed parliamentary input into who was in his Privy Council and parliamentary control over those around the Queen and the royal children’s religious education

63
Q

When were the Courts of Star Chamber and High Commission abolished?

A

July 1641

64
Q

What was the October 1641 ‘Incident’?

A

Royalist plot to kidnap radical Scottish Covenanters (such as Archibald Campbell) whilst Charles was in Scotland. Instigators included extreme royalist Earl of Crawford and moderate Covenanter Montrose.
Charles was linked to the plot as he had attended the Parliament in Edinburgh on October 12th with an armed force. He therefore had no Scottish supporters.

65
Q

Why did the Irish Rebellion, starting in October 1641, radicalise Protestants?

A

Distorted accounts of massacres, with a death toll ranging widely from 3,000 to 12,000. Created an exaggerated fear of Catholicism.

66
Q

What was the 22nd November 1641 Grand Remonstrance?

A

List of criticism of Charles’ government showing he couldn’t be trusted. Strongly anti-Catholic. Directly attacked Charles without accusing him directly. Brought political issues beyond Westminster. Shows Parliamentary divisions that would form the Civil Wars two sides.

67
Q

How did the Grand Remonstrance address the religious issues?

A

Stated an Assembly of Divines (Parliament of clergy) was to be held separately at Westminster. Separated religion and politics. This didn’t meet until July 1643.

68
Q

By how many votes was the Grand Remonstrance passed?

A

159 to 148 after a twelve hour long debate

69
Q

What was the December 1641 Militia Bill?

A

Proposed Parliament should command the army. Passed 158 votes to 125 but Charles refused to comply. Parliament then took the unprecedented step of proclaiming that Parliament could act independently of the King in the interests of the nation’s defence, issuing it as an ordinance. Whether to obey the ordinance or not became an early test of Civil War allegiance

70
Q

What and when was the Five Members’ Coup?

A

3rd January 1642 – After rumours Parliament were going to impeach the Queen, Charles attempted to impeach his key opponents Pym, Hampden, Haselrig, Holles, William Strode and Edward Montagu on charges of high treason however they had been forewarned and left.

71
Q

What was the February 1642 Exclusion Bill?

A

Had been encouraged by a petitioning campaign for the removal of bishops from Parliament, which had received 30,000 signatures by end of 1641.
Accepted by Lords on 4th February 1642 due to pressures from the London crowd.

72
Q

What was the Militia Ordinance on 15th March 1642?

A

Appointed lord lieutenants and their deputies by Parliamentary authority (no royal assent). Parliament (ironically) proposed raising £400,000 by ship money to fund it.

73
Q

What and when were the Nineteen Propositions?

A

June 1642 - all Privy Councillors to be approved by Parliament; five impeached MPs to be pardoned; Charles had to accept Triennial Act and Militia Ordinance; Parliament would direct a reformation of the Church.

74
Q

What were constitutional royalists’ and Charles’ response to the June 1642 Nineteen Propositions?

A

‘The Answer to the Nineteen Propositions’: portrayed king as force preventing anarchy; parliamentary proposal would lead to “a dark equal chaos of confusion”.
Charles rejected them on 18th June 1642.

75
Q

When was Civil War declared?

A

22nd August 1642: Charles raised his standard at Nottingham and thus declared war on Parliament.

76
Q

How many pamphlets did Lilburne and other leading Levellers produce between 1645 and 1649?

A

Nearly 250

77
Q

What did the October 1647 Leveller pamphlet attack? What was it called?

A

‘The Case of the Army Truly Stated’ - attacked army leadership for continuous attempts to settle with Charles

78
Q

What were the Putney Debates? Why did they happen? What were the dates?

A

28th October - 11th November 1647: held to discuss with the Levellers their written manifesto the Agreement of the People, a more radical settlement proposal

79
Q

What did the first Agreement of the People in October 1647 say?

A

Sovereignty with the people not the king or Parliament.
MPs should be elected in proportion to the population of their constituencies.
Parliaments should be elected biennially.
Parliament should be one-chambered.

80
Q

When did Charles attempt to escape from Hampton Court Palace

A

11th November 1647

81
Q

What was the significance of the Putney Debates?

A

Emphasised need for Ireton to keep Leveller demands in ind. Shows what the revolution had unleashed in terms of political ideas and spaces to air them.

82
Q

What were the December 1648-January 1649 Whitehall Debates?

A

Discussions between the Levellers and the General Council of the Army (led by Ireton) to debate the first Agreement of the People. Leveller leadership and army grandees failed to agree and therefore separately reduced a December 1648 Agreement and 20th January 1649 Officers’ Agreement

83
Q

What and when was the ‘Remonstrance of the Army’?

A

18th November 1648 - formal outlining of army position led by Ireton. Demanded king to be put on trial by consequence of a purging of Parliament if this did not happen.

84
Q

What and when was Pride’s Purge?

A

6th December 1648 - on 5th December in a 129-83 vote, MPs agreed to continue Newport Treaty with Charles. Therefore, the army (led by Ireton and Colonel Thomas Pride) acted on the Remonstrance’s threats and purged Parliament of those with the most Royalist sympathies

85
Q

How many commissioners attended Charles’ trial, as began on 20th January 1649?

A

68 out of the 135 commissioners the Rump had chosen

86
Q

How many commissioners signed Charles’ death warrant, prior to his 30th January 1649 execution?

A

59 commissioners

Stuarts (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions