Charles Darwin Flashcards
He was born to the family of Doctors and Scientist
Robert
Waring Darwin, a medical doctor, and Mother Susana
After his Bachelors he was offered a position as a “Naturalist” in HMS Beagle
His First book was called “The Origin of Species”
He died because of Chagas disease
Charles Darwin
What is the second book of Charles Darwin that speaks
up about his views and opinions to the human society?
The Descent Man
- he observed social feelings in animals and
assumed that it could be a natural and instinctive in humans,
putting forward the idea that morality existed before
religion
It is the island where Darwin’s most important
observations were made on.
The Galapagos Island
- In 1831, Charles Darwin was just 22 in HMS Beagle
Darwin made many observations during the voyage that helped him
formulate his Theory of Evolution such as:
- ◼ Exploring plants and animals he had never seen
◼ Experiencing an earthquake that elevated the ocean floor 2.7 meters (9 feet)
above sea level wherein he also found rocks containing fossil sea shells
◼ Visiting rock ledges that had once been beaches that had gradually built over
time which implied that slow and steady processes also change the Earth’s
surface;
◼ Digging up fossils of gigantic extinct animals like ground sloth which served as proof that organisms looked very different in the past and suggested that living
things also change over time.
He is another young naturalist in that
time, had independently come to similar conclusions about
evolution and natural selection.
Alfred Russell Wallace
Darwin proposed a theory about coral reefs formation that
encircles a lagoon called _______.
Atolls
◼ Atolls, sometimes called coral atolls, are coral reefs
formations that encircle a lagoon.
◼ According to Darwin, a fringing reef would form from corals
growing along the edges of a newly formed volcanic island.
◼ A lagoon would then open between the island and the reef when the
island began to sink, thus forming a barrier reef. Then, the island would eventually disappear, leaving an atoll.
What species (it displayed different structural adaptations
such as its different-shaped beaks) did Darwin found on the
Galapagos Island?
Finches
◼ * Survival of the fittest implies that the strong will succeed and the weak shall perish.
◼ * The ‘fittest’ will be successful and they shall rule the weaker
because they are the most fit to do so.
◼ * __________ is the application of one interpretation of the
law of evolution; those who succeed in society were superior to
those who did not succeed.
Social Darwinism
◼ * Herbert Spencer was a 19th-century philosopher and social idealist.
◼ * He was known to be a strong supporter of Darwin’s methods of
evolution and a supporter of the evolutionary process.
◼ * Herbert Spencer’s works modified the line, making it ‘survival of the fittest.’ This idea and quote were then used as the foundation for what would become known as Social Darwinism.
The theory that can be described as “descent with modification” and one of the substantiated theory in the history
of Science.
Evolution by Natural Selection
◼ “ EVOLUTION is Described as “descent with modification”
◼ It is the idea that species change over time, give
rise to a new species and share a common
ancestor.
EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
- Fossil Record
- Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of
different species.
^ Homologous structures(structures that are similar in related organisms because they were
inherited from a common ancestor.)
^Analogous structures (The structures are
similar because they evolved to do the same job, not because they were inherited from a common
ancestor.)
^Vestigal
- Comparative embryology is the study of the similarities and differences
in the embryos of different species. - Comparative Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the basic chemistry and processes that occur in
cells. It involves the comparison of DNA - Evidence from Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of how and why organisms live where they do.
It provides more evidence for evolution.
The process by which organisms that
can better adapt in their environment do survive, while those less
able to adapt become extinct
Adaptation
- ◼Adaptation/Natural Selection. It is the process by which organisms better suited
to adapt in their environment survive, while those
less able to adapt become extinct.
◼The result is not a sudden creation of each individual species but a successive evolution and
improvement of a species.
The Process of Natural Selection.
A. Overpopulation
B. Struggle for Existence
- Every organism must struggle to survive.
C. Presence of Variation
- group of organisms
that share similar characteristics
and interbreed to produce
fertile offspring.
D. Survival of the
Fittest
- Certain traits help
organisms survive
E. Variations can be transmitted
- transmitting their traits to their offspring and creating a new variation in the process
In “The Descent of Man”, Charles Darwin expands on
ideas that he first expressed in ________
The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals
◼ The second book of Charles Darwin following his
main book On the Origin of the Species.
◼ The book discusses about the relationship of the
Theory of Evolution and the Theory of Sexual
Selection.
The theory that human race has ascended from two or
more ancestral types.
Polygenism
THE EVOLUTION OF MAN
◼ He tackles evidences to argue that humans evolved
from lower form of animal.
◼ Charles Darwin then continues his work by further by explaining
the role of Natural Selection and Genetic Inheritance,
stating that both humans and animals have traits and intellectual
ability which can be passed down through generations that can
remain constant or can change overtime
◼ Ending the first part of the book, he rejected both idea of
monogenism and polygenism, stating that a possible reason for the divergence of racial differences was caused by sexual selection.
According to Charles Darwin, what do men have to offer in
order for them to be more valuable to women as their mate?
Attractive Appearance
◼ Charles Darwin proposed the idea of sexual
selection, in which states that a female chooses a
mate with a more attractive appearance and a more
dominant trait, to explain why there is a physical
feature of some animals with no function. This
implies that animals also evolve to gain
reproductive advantage.
◼ He also argues that, through constant developing
of males, the choosiness of the females has made
them inferior to the males.
