Asia Flashcards
- A huge peninsula surrounded
by vast bodies of water and fortified by huge mountains
in its northern boarders. - Developed various ideas and
technologies useful in their everyday lives. - Seventh largest country by
area - Indus Valley Civilization
India
Noted for their urban
planning, baked brick
houses, elaborated drainage systems, and clusters of large non-residential
buildings.
- A bronze age
civilization(3300-1300
BCE; Mature period
2600-1900 BCE)
- A bronze age
- Developed new techniques
in handy craft and
metallurgy.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
IRON AND IN METALLURGICAL
WORKS
BRASS
COPPER
GOLD AND SILVER
IRON
WOOTZ AND STEEL
ADVANCES IN MEDICINE
BOWER MANUSCRIPT
AYURVEDA
RHINOPLASTY
LITHOTOMY
The Great Trilogy of Ayurvedic Medicine
Sushruta Samhita
Charaka Samhita
Astanga Hridaya
Sushruta Samhita
- Ancient Sanskit text on medicine/surgery (plastic surgery and removal of cataracts)
Charaka Samhita
- Ancient theories on human bodies, etiology and treatments for wide range of diseases
Astanga Hridaya- “The Heart of eight Limbs”
- 7120 poetic verses (surgical instruments)
Three basic types of energy in Ayurvedic Philosophy
- Vata, Movement
- Pitta, Metabolic System
- Kapha, Structure
- Vata, Movement
- composed of space and air, governs breathing, blinking, muscle and tissue movement, pulsation of the heart, and all movements in the cytoplasm and cell membranes
- Pitta, Metabolic System-
- composed of fire and water.
- Governs digestion, nutrition, metabolism,
- and body temperature
- Kapha, Structure-
- composed of earth and water.
- Lubricates joints, moisturizes the skin, and maintains immunity
CONFIGURATION OF THE UNIVERSE
- In Hindu cosmology, the universe is cyclically
created and destroyed. - Its cosmology divides time into four epochs
namely:
1. Satya Yuga
2. Treta Yuga
3. Dvarpa Yuga
4. Kali Yuga
- Satya Yuga – (also known as Kitra Yuga “Golden Age”).
The first and the best Yuga.
The age of thruth and perfection. - Treta Yuga –the second Yuga in order, however treta means the “third”.
- virtue diminishes slightly
- Dwarpa Yuga – is considered to be the third Yuga in order. Dvapara means “two pair” or “after two”.
- In this age, people become tainted with tamasic qualities and aren’t as strong as their ancestors.
- Kali Yuga – the final age. It is the age of darkness and ignorance.
Ancient Indian philosophical text that
states that the Earth’s rotation may be the cause of the Sun
rising and setting.
- Aitareya Brahmana
- Believed in Spherical Earth
- The author of Aryabhatiya (a Sanskrit astronomical treatise)
- Aryabhatiya is divided into four padas or chapters
1. Gitikapada
2. Ganitapada
3. Kalakriya
4. Golapada
ARYABHATA
- Aryabhatiya is divided into four padas or chapters
- Gitikapada- the overiew of the astronomical findings
- Ganitapada-Mathematics
- Kalakriya- “the reckoning of time”
- In it, Aryabhata divides up days, months and years according to the movement of celestial bodies.
- Golapada-The sphere
- Celestial relationship of earth and cosmos
- Rotation of earth on its axis
- Armillary sphere
The Ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit
hymns
RIGVEDA
- Rig, praise and veda, knowledge
- Rigveda, (Sanskrit: “The Knowledge of Verses”) also spelled Rigveda, the oldest of
the sacred books of Hinduism - 10 books with 1, 028 hymns in about 10, 600 verses. The hymns discuss cosmology and praise deities.
- Described a solar and luni-solar calendrical scheme.
- According to the Puranic tradition, Ved Vyasa compiled all the four Vedas, along with the Mahabharata and the Puranas.
MATHEMATICS (INDIA)
MOHENJO-DAJO
RULER
ARYABHATIYA
HINDU ARABIC
NUMERAL SYSTEM
BINARY NUMBER
SYSTEM
BRAHMASPHUTASIDDANTA
- Indian mathematician
MADHAVA OF
SANGAMAGRAMA
- pioneered the series approximations in trigonometric functions.
- His contributions in algebra such as polynomial expansion
methods and infinite fractions.
FOUR GREAT INVENTIONS OF
CHINA
PAPER
* Inventor: Cai Lun
* a court
eunuch invented the pulp papermaking
process
PRINTING
* Inventor: Bi Sheng
* Overview: The earlier form of printing, woodblock, was
considered time-consuming and
expensive. Bi Sheng’s method of
gluing carved characters into an
iron plate was thought to be more efficient, rapidly spreading across Europe, leading to the Renaissance, and later all around the world.
GUNPOWDER
* Alchemists; Zeng Gongjiang, Ding Du, and Yang Weide (credited for as writers of the earliest known recorded recipes for gunpowder)
- Overview: Created by Taoist alchemist in a trial to find a potion to gain human
immortality. Chinese used this for firecrackers while Europeans created cannons and guns, dominating China in the mid-1800s.
COMPASS
* The Chinese by the Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) began using north-south
oriented lodestone ladle-and-bowl-shaped compasses for divination and Geo-mancy and not yet for navigation.
* Song dynasty writer Zhu Yu (fl. 12th century) was the first to mention use of the compass specifically for navigation at
sea in his book published in 1119.
FARMING AND AGRICULTURE ( CHINA)
- DEEPWATER DRILLING
- use of deep drilled
groundwater for drinking. - ## RICE CULTIVATION
- WET FIELD CULTIVATION
- Wet field cultivation, or the paddy field, was developed in China. - WEEDING RAKES
- * The invention of the Chinese weed rake is derived from the invention of the Chinese harrow. - ## WHEELBARROW
- ## IRON PLOW
MEDICINE (CHINA)
ACUPUNCTURE
* The Traditional Chinese medicine practice of inserting needles into specific points of the body for therapeutic purposes and relieving pain
MOXIBUSTION
- involves the
burning of mugwort- a small, spongy herb, used to facilitate
healing
TUI NA MASSAGE
* The term tui na, which literally means “pinch and pull”, refers
to a wide range of TCM
therapeutic massage and body
work.
- It stimulates the flow of qi to
promote balance and harmony
within the body using many of
the same principles of
acupuncture.
CHINESE HERBS
- Chinese herbal
therapy are to help regain balance in the body and to strengthen the body’s resistance to disease
ARCHITECTURE
(CHINA)
- DRY DOCKS
- OPEN-SPANDREL SEGMENTAL
ARCH BRIDGE - PONTOON BRIDGE
- SUSPENSION BRIDGES USING IRON CHAINS GREAT WALL