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History > Charles 1 > Flashcards

Charles 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Charles view of his power and authority?

A

Charles felt he had absolute power/ authority and did not need the advice of parliament

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2
Q

What is divine right of kings?

A

Define right of Kings meant that Charles believed he was appointed by God no one can challenge the kings authority.

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3
Q

Who were Charle’s advisors?

A

The Duke of Buckingham who parliament considered unsuitable and His wife Henrietta Maria

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4
Q

What was parliament view of Charles’s power and authority?

A

Parliament did not like divine right of Kings. They felt that their role should be to provide advice. Parliament represented the people and so the king needed to know what the people wanted.

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5
Q

What religion was England in the 1620s?

A

Protestant

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6
Q

Who helped Charles change the churches?

A

Archbishop Laud

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7
Q

What changes with Charles and archbishop Laud trying to make to English churches?

A

They made churches more decorated and beautiful to make people closer to god. Added a rood screen between people and the clergy. Alter to the east side with a rail around it.

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8
Q

Why did puritans prefer earlier churches?

A

Because they can openly worship God and focus on him without being distracted by decorations

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9
Q

What year was the Scottish prayer book revolt?

A

1637

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10
Q

What was the Scottish prayer book revolt?

A

Scott’s were very puritan, they regected any services that even looked a little bit catholic like bishops, Charles ordered the English prager book to be used in Scotland and didn’t ask the Scot’s about this.

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11
Q

How long is the king normally allowed custom duties?

A

For life

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12
Q

How long did parliament grant Charles custom duties?

A

1 year

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13
Q

When did parliament grant Charles custom duties?

A

1625

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14
Q

What does parliament not trusting Charles with custom duties show about there relationship?

A

Relations are poor and they don’t trust him with their money.

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15
Q

What is ship money?

A

Ship money is tax that is used to improve the navy in times of war

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16
Q

Who introduced Ship money?

A

Elizabeth 1

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17
Q

Where was ship money originally collected from and why?

A

Coastal areas because they are more likely to be attacked so they pay the Navy to protect them

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18
Q

What happened to ship money under charles’s personal rule why?

A

Collection of ship money was extended. He could no longer collect money from Parliament tax so he used ship money because he couldn’t grant new taxes.

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19
Q

When was coastal county’s expected to pay ship money?

A

1634

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20
Q

When was ship money extended inland?

A

1635

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21
Q

Why did people dislike the extension of ship money?

A

-no war
- some county’s are nowhere near the sea so have no need for protection

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22
Q

What happened to the expected amount of ship money?

A

It increased

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23
Q

When did people stop paying ship money.

A

1639

24
Q

What is coat and conduct money?

A

Asking people to pay for soldiers uniforms

25
Q

How do people respond to coat and conduct money?

A
  • taxpayers strike
  • Gentry refused to pay and collect the tax
  • Wiltshire soldiers broke in to prison and realeased those imprisoned for not paying the money.
26
Q

What happened in 1629?

A

Parliament critiqued the king so The king decided not to call them for 11 years. The 11 years tyrany

27
Q

What is the long parliament?

A

Demands made by parliament
- ministers replaced
- parliament would be called regularly
- there will be no taxes without parliaments consent

28
Q

What demands of the long parliament did Charles agree to ?

A

Parliament would meet every 3 years,
Ministers such as laud would be removed

29
Q

How does the long parliament weaken the king’s relationship?

A

Charles has divine right of kings and felt that they can’t tell him what to do. King is not used to it

30
Q

When was the long parliament?

A

November 1640

31
Q

When were the concessions made by the king?

A

Summer of 1641

32
Q

What happened about ship money and custom duties?

A

Ship money illegal!, Custom duties 2 months more

33
Q

What was the grand remonstrance?

A

A new list of demands for the king.
Charles was to employ councillors who parliament could trust.
The power of bishops would be reduced.

34
Q

When was the grand remonstrance?

A

November 1641

35
Q

When was the Irish rebellion?

A

November 1641

36
Q

When was the attempted arrest of the 5 MPs?

A

January 1642

37
Q

When did parliament take over putting down the Irish rebellions?

A

March 1642

38
Q

When were the 19 propositions?

A

June 1642

39
Q

What were some of the things in the 19 propositions?

A

All policy’s must be approved my parliament,
All if the kings officials had to be approved by parliament,
Parliament controls the education of the kings children

40
Q

When did war happen?

A

August 1642

41
Q

Who supported the king?

A

Catholic, North-west

42
Q

Who supported parliament?

A

South east, Puritans

43
Q

Who were the key figures on the kings side?

A

Charles 1, Prince Rupert( kings nephew and leader of the cavalry)

44
Q

Who was important on the parliaments side in the civil war

A

Oliver Cromwell ( member of parliament and devoted puritan), Thomas Fairfax ( commander in chief for new model army)

45
Q

When was the battle of Naseby?

A

1645

46
Q

What happened in the battle of naseby?

A
  • First time royalist troops faced the NMA
  • Royalist cavalry attacked but Cromwells cavalry defeated the royalists.
  • this was the last major battle of the civil war
47
Q

When was the battle of Marston Moor?

A

1644

48
Q

What happened at Marston moor?

A

Parliamentarians attacked the unprepared and scattered royalists. The royalists were defeated. The king lost north england

49
Q

When was the new model army created?

A

1645

50
Q

What was the nma like?

A

Based on military skills rather than social class. Tactics like attacking from sides and being well disciplined. Also based on cavalry

51
Q

What happened on the dates of the events in court?

A

22-23 January- didn’t talk and got sent away
24-27 winess’s, Charles was accused of starting a war against parliament.
27- verdict

52
Q

What was Charles’s verdict and sentence?

A

Guilty of being a traitor, tyrant, murderer, and public enemy of the people. Sentence- execution

53
Q

Who attended the courtroom
?

A

135 should have attended but were too scared so only 68 showed up. Westminister hall- location. John Bradshaw was the president.

54
Q

What date was Charles executed?

A

Tuesday 30th January 1649

55
Q

Describe the events of the execution.

A
  • asked for two shirts and didn’t want to appear as shivering from fear.
  • taken to white ball and ate bread and drunk wine.
  • at 2 he stepped onto the scaffold and had his head chopped off in one blow.
  • supporters of the king dipped there handkerchiefs in the kings blood and took the hairs from his head.
  • body was buried at Windsor castle

History (2 decks)

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