Characteristics of skills and stages of learning Flashcards
Define Skill
Skill refers to the ability to do something well.
Identify what categories movement skills are classified under
Movement precision, type of movement and predictability of the environment.
Identify the two types of movement precision and size of musculature required
Two types of movement skill classifications are gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
Define gross motor skills
Gross motor skills involve the recruitment of large muscle groups, less emphasis on precision.
Define fine motor skills
Fine motor skills involve the recruitment of smaller muscles associated with movements requiring precision.
Identify the three types of movement
The three types of movement are discrete motor skills, serial motor skills and continuous motor skills.
Define discrete motor skills
Discrete motor skills refer to the skill having a clear beginning and end.
Define serial motor skills
Serial motor skills refer to the skill being discrete and done multiple times, in a sequence. The combination of discrete skills.
Define continuous motor skills
Continuous motor skills have no clear beginning or end point. Sometimes beginning and end points are assigned but the actual motor skill is continuous in nature.
Define a closed motor skill
A closed motor skill refers to a skill where the performer has the greatest control over their environment.
Define a open motor skills
An open motor skill refers to a skill that is performed in a less predictable environment. In an open environment, conditions are constantly changing and the performer has limited, if any, control over the environment.
Define fundamental motor skills
Fundamental motor skills refer to foundation skills that provide the basis for the development for more sport-specific movement skills.
Identify the way that fundamental movement skills are classified
Fundamental movement skills are classified in three ways: stability skills involving balance and control of the body, locomotor skills that enable us to move through space, such as walking and running, and also manipulative skills involving the control of an object,, such as throwing and catching.
Define stages of learning
Stages of Learning refers to when all sports people progress through different stages of learning. Being able to understand the different needs of players, from beginners to elite performers, and the most appropriate feedback to be given at a certain time for the performer.
Define the cognitive stage of learning
During the cognitive stage of learning, the beginner is mentally trying to comprehend the movements of the motor skills. The attention will be on movement production and their performance. They are often aware of what is wrong but don’t know how to correct it. Require heaps of feedback. Instructions are short and specific.
Define the associative stage of learning
During the associative stage of learning, the performer is beginning to refine their technique/movement pattern. More consistent and make fewer errors, demands for attention decrease, allowing the performer to focus on external stimuli. Now able to detect the cause of some errors and develop strategies to correct them.
Define the autonomous stage of learning
During the autonomous stage of learning, the skill is largely automatic, the performer no longer consciously thinks about the skill. Has developed anticipation. Can detect their own errors and correct them, and performance variables are very small. feedback is still appropriate at this stage of learning.
Identify the factors that need to be considered when choosing practice methods
Factors include: part and whole practice, amount, distribution type and variability.
Define practice distribution
Practice distribution refers to the scheduling of practice sessions. First consideration is the availability of the participants and then the frequency and length of sessions can be determined.
Define distributed practice
Distributed practice refers to the shorter but more frequent training sessions. More time is allocated to rest inbetween tasks during the sessions.
Define Massed practice
Massed practice refers to the longer but less frequent training sessions. Rest intervals between the tasks are also shorter than in distributed practice. Physical and physiological fatigue is more likely to result from massed practice.
Define practice variability
practice variability refers to the event in which the coach then needs to decide whether it is best to practice one of these skills for a set number of repetitions before moving on or to mix up the skills during the training sessions.
Define blocked practice
blocked practice involves practising the same skill continuously without changing it to a different task. Each skill is practised in a block, in isolation from other skills, important for beginners who are trying to understand and reproduce the movement action. Environment should be kept as stable as possible to enable the beginner to quickly replicate the basic foundations of the movement patterns.
Define random practice
random practice refers to the varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training sessions. It is suitable for performers in the association and autonomous stages.
