Characteristics of Phobias, Depression and OCD Flashcards
1
Q
Outline 2 behavioural characteristics of phobias
A
- Avoidance - making conscious effort to avoid coming in contact with the phobic stimulus
- Panic - crying, screaming or running away from the phobic stimulus. Alternatively, freezing or fainting
2
Q
Outline 2 cognitive characteristics of phobias
A
- Persistent irrational beliefs - about phobic stimulus e.g. a spider will harm you
- Selective attention - keeping attention on phobic stimulus and finding it difficult to look away in case of danger
3
Q
Outline 2 emotional characteristics of phobias
A
- Anxiety - exposure to phobic stimulus causes worry or distress
- Fear - exposure to phobic stimulus causes terror
4
Q
Outline 2 behavioural characteristics of depression
A
- Changes in activity levels - lack of energy and withdrawal from activities once enjoyed or increased activity
- Disruption to sleep - sleep may reduce or increase
5
Q
Outline 2 cognitive characteristics of depression
A
- Negative Schema - interpret all information in a negative way and ignore positives
- Black and white thinking - viewing an unfortunate as an absolute disaster
6
Q
Outline 2 emotional characteristics of depression
A
- Lowered mood - experiencing feeling ‘sad’, ‘empty’, ‘numb’
- Anger - directed towards themselves or others
7
Q
Outline 2 behavioural characteristics of OCD
A
- Compulsions - external behaviours that are repeated to reduce anxiety e.g. washing hands
- Avoidance - of situations that trigger compulsions e.g. someone with cleaning ritual may avoid someone with germs by not shaking hands
8
Q
Outline 2 cognitive characteristics of OCD
A
- Obsessions - Internal thoughts that are recurring and cause anxiety e.g. worried about contamination by germs
- Awareness - that obsessions and compulsions are irrational and unreasonable
9
Q
Outline 2 emotional characteristics of OCD
A
- Anxiety and distress - obsessions are often unpleasant and can cause anxiety
- Irrational guilt and disgust - towards others or self
