Characteristics Of Computef School Slide Flashcards
What period does the third generation of computers cover?
1965-1971
What technology was primarily used in the third generation of computers?
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
Who invented the Integrated Circuit?
Jack Kilby
List some high-level programming languages used in the third generation.
- FORTRAN-II to IV
- COBOL
- PASCAL
- PL/1
- BASIC
- ALGOL-68
What are the main features of the second generation of computers?
- Use of transistors
- Reliable compared to first generation
- Smaller size
- Generated less heat
- Consumed less electricity
- Faster
- Still costly
- AC required
- Supported machine and assembly languages
What period does the second generation of computers cover?
1959-1965
What type of memory was primarily used in the second generation of computers?
Magnetic cores
What operating systems were commonly used in the second generation of computers?
Batch processing and multiprogramming
What are the main features of the first generation of computers?
- Vacuum tube technology
- Unreliable
- Supported machine language only
- Very costly
- Generated a lot of heat
- Slow input and output devices
- Huge size
- Need of AC
- Non-portable
- Consumed a lot of electricity
What period does the first generation of computers cover?
1946-1959
List some computers from the first generation.
- ENIAC
- EDVAC
- UNIVAC
- IBM-701
- IBM-650
What period does the fourth generation of computers cover?
1971-1980
What technology was primarily used in the fourth generation of computers?
Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits
What are the main features of the fourth generation of computers?
- VLSI technology
- Very cheap
- Portable and reliable
- Use of PCs
- Very small size
- Pipeline processing
- No AC required
- Concept of internet introduced
What are some examples of computers from the fourth generation?
- DEC 10
- STAR 1000
- PDP 11
- CRAY-1
- CRAY-X-MP
What period does the fifth generation of computers cover?
1980-till date
What technology transitioned from VLSI to in the fifth generation?
Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)
What are the main features of the fifth generation of computers?
- ULSI technology
- Development of true artificial intelligence
- Development of Natural language processing
- Advancement in Parallel Processing
- More user-friendly interfaces
- Availability of powerful and compact computers
What types of computers are associated with the fifth generation?
- Desktop
- Laptop
- NoteBook
- UltraBook
- ChromeBook
What are some characteristics of computers?
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Diligence
- Versatility
- Reliability
- Automation
- Storage and Retrieval
- Data Management and data analytics
- Connectivity
- Multitasking
- Security and Privacy
- Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Define ‘Diligence’ in the context of computers.
A computer can perform millions of tasks or calculations with the same consistency and accuracy without fatigue.
What does ‘Versatility’ refer to in computing?
The capability of a computer to perform different kinds of work with the same accuracy and efficiency.
How do computers achieve high ‘Speed’?
By processing millions of instructions per second, measured in microseconds and nanoseconds.
What is meant by ‘Accuracy’ in computers?
Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy, with potential errors due to data inconsistency.
What does ‘Reliability’ mean in computer systems?
A computer gives consistent results for the same set of data.
What is the purpose of ‘Automation’ in computing?
To perform tasks without manual intervention, improving efficiency and consistency.
What does ‘Security and Privacy’ entail in modern computers?
Protecting data against unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyberattacks.
What is the role of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)?
Manages graphical tasks like gaming, multimedia, and computational tasks.
What does ‘Connectivity’ in computing refer to?
Enables data communication, resource sharing, and remote access.
What does ‘Multitasking’ mean in modern computer systems?
Parallel execution of tasks, giving the illusion of simultaneous execution.
Who is known as the father of the computer?
Charles Babbage
What significant contribution did Ada Lovelace make?
She wrote the first computer program for Babbage’s machine.
What is the significance of the Turing Machine?
It forms the basis for modern computers.
What was the ARPANET project?
Laid the foundation for the modern Internet.
What is an example of open source software?
Linux operating system
What is the earliest form of computing device mentioned?
Abacus
