characteristics of addiction

Question 1

Salience

Answer 1

activity is most important thing in individual life. Dominated thoughts, feelings and behaviour

Question 2

Mood modification

Answer 2

engages to cause change in mood. e.g ‘high’ or ‘buzz’. nicotine to ‘wake up’ - morning or ‘relax’ - night. Using as a form of self medication

Question 3

Tolerance

Answer 3

Person develops a tolerance to the substance due to continuous use. Need more to achieve the same high. evidence for chemical and behavioural addictions

Question 4

Withdrawal symptoms

Answer 4

When they stop they experience withdrawal symptoms. e.g nausea, insomnia, moodiness, irritability. act as negative reinforcement

Question 5

Conflict

Answer 5

conflicts with friends and family (interpersonal) by compromising jobs, social life etc at expense of behaviour. also internal conflicts (intrapersonal)

Question 6

Relapse

Answer 6

addicts always have a strong tendency to return even after years.

Question 7

stages of addicts

Answer 7

Initiation, Maintenance, Relapse

Question 8

physiological vs non-substance addiction

Answer 8

physiological - chemical/biological basis
non-substance - behaviour that produces same reaction as chemical e.g. gambling

Question 9

addictions recognised by DSM-5-TR

Answer 9

recognises that substance related disorders result from use of 10 classes of drugs. including caffeine, opioids, sedatives, gambling (only recognised non-substance)

Question 10

Petry & O’Brien

Answer 10

They think internet gambling should be considered, it is in the DSM- 5 as requiring further research. internet gambling is difficult to operationalise and classify

Question 11

DSM-5 criteria

Answer 11

11 statements. >6 considered severe:
Taking in larger amounts than you should.
Cravings and urges.
Continuing use even when causing problems in relationships.
Giving up important social, occuapational activities for it.

Question 12

Glenn Walters

Answer 12

PREOCUPATION - engrossed in behaviour
PERSISTANCE - continuing to engage
PROGRESSION - engaging continuously and developing tolerance
PERCIEVED - addict feels they’ve lost control

Question 13

Isbell et al (1995)

Answer 13

gave prisoners same daily dose of alcohol for two weeks. Originally showed signs of intoxication and high alcohol blood levels. both reduced after two weeks - TOLERANCE

Question 14

Griffiths

Answer 14

Compared heart rate of regular and non-regular gamblers. heart rate of regular returned to normal faster than non-regular after gambling. evidence for tolerance