Characteristics And Classification Of Living Organisms

Question 1

Name three rules for specimen drawing

Answer 1

• 50% of space given
• no sketching/colouring/shading
• pencil only
• single line drawing
• no arrowhead (—>) for labelling/ use only straight line (—)

Question 2

What is MRS GREN?

Answer 2

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 3

What is respiration?

Answer 3

Breakdown of nutrient molecules in cells to release energy for metabolism

Question 4

Difference between excretion and defecation

Answer 4

Excretion - removal of metabolic waste products and substances in excess of body’s requirements
Defecation - removal of undigested and unabsorbed food material as feces

Question 5

Name three examples of excretion and its organs

Answer 5

Urine (urea + excess water) - kidneys
Lungs - carbon dioxide
Sweat (excess water, salts and urea) - skin

Question 6

What are all the classifications?

Answer 6

King - kingdom
Philip - phylum
Came - class
Over - order
For - family
Good - genus
Soup - species

Question 7

What are the rules for binomial naming?

Answer 7

Latin names
First name - genus (start with caps)
Second name - species (start with small letter)
If typed - italic wording
If written - underlined wording

Question 8

What are the five kingdom categories?

Answer 8

Animal, plant, fungi, protoctista, prokaryotes

Question 10

What are vertebrates?

Answer 10

Animals with a backbone/spine

Question 11

What is MRSFACE?

Answer 11

Mollusc
Roundworm
Segmented worm
Flatworm
Arthropod
Cnidarian
Echinoderm

Question 12

What are the phylums under animal kingdom?

Answer 12

Invertebrate - MRSFACE
Vertebrate/Chordate

Question 13

What are the categories under arthropods?

Answer 13

Crustacean
Myriapod
Arachnid
Insect

Question 14

What is MRFAB?

Answer 14

Mammal
Reptile
Fish
Amphibian
Bird

Question 15

What are the phylums under plant kingdom?

Answer 15

Non-flowering plants and flowering plants

Question 16

Name three types of non-flowering plants

Answer 16

Moss and liverwort
Fern
Conifer

Question 17

Name three characteristics of mammals

Answer 17

• warm-blooded
• vertebrate
• has hair/fur
• gives birth to young
• feeds milk (has mammary glands)
• has placenta
• has 4 chamber heart
• has different types of teeth

Question 18

Name three characteristics of birds

Answer 18

• vertebrate
• has feathers
• lays eggs with hard shell
• warm blooded
• has a beak
• has heart with 4 chambers
• forelimbs are wings

Question 19

Name three characteristics of reptiles

Answer 19

• vertebrate
• dry scaly skin
• lay eggs with rubbery skin / waterproof shell
• cold blooded

Question 20

Name three characteristics of amphibians

Answer 20

• vertebrate
• cold blooded
• moist, scaleless skin
• lays eggs in water
• spawning
• young: in water, has gills
• adult: on land and water, has lungs

Question 21

Name three characteristics of fish

Answer 21

• vertebrate
• scaly skin
• has gills
• has fins
• cold blooded
• lays eggs with soft, jelly coat
• spawning

Question 22

What is spawning?

Answer 22

Mass fertilisation; usually in water

Question 23

Difference between ectothermic and endothermic

Answer 23

Ectothermic - cold blooded; follows the environment’s temperature
Endothermic - warm blooded; maintain body temperature

Question 24

Number of legs for each arthropod

Answer 24

• insect: 3 pair jointed legs
• myriapod: jointed legs on each segment
• arachnid: 4 pairs of legs
• crustacean: more than 4 pairs of jointed legs

Question 25

Name three characteristics of non-flowering plants

Answer 25

- no flower - leaves called fronds - reproduce by spores - has roots, stem, leaves

Question 26

Name three characteristics of flowering plants

Answer 26

- has roots, stem, leaves - has flowers - reproduce sexually (pollen and ovule) - seeds made in ovary

Question 27

What are the two types of flowering plants?

Answer 27

Monocotyledon and dicotyledon

Question 28

Differences between monocot and dicot

Answer 28

Monocot - one cot, fibrous root, scattered vascular design, parallel leaf veins, 3 petals Dicot - two cot, tap root, ringed vascular design, net-like leaf veins, 4 or 5 petals

Question 29

Name three characteristics of the fungi kingdom

Answer 29

- multicellular - have nuclei - have cell wall made of chitin - no chlorophyll - feed by saprophytic or parasitic

Question 30

Functions of mushroom parts

Answer 30

Stem - support cap Cap - protects gills Gills - produce spore Spore - reproduction Mycelium - tangle of hyphae Hypha - draw water and organic matter necessary for development Ring - immature mushroom, rupture as it grows

Question 31

Name three characteristics of protoctista

Answer 31

- has arm-like projection - multi/unicellular - has nucleus - may/may not have cell wall and chloroplast - some feed by photosynthesis, some feed on other organic substances made by other organisms

Question 32

Name three characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 32

- unicellular - no nucleus - have cell wall (not cellulose) - no mitochondria - has bacterial dna and plasmid dna inside cytoplasm

Question 34

What are viruses?

Answer 34

Non-living things that need hosts to reproduce and cause disease

Question 35

Name three characteristics of viruses

Answer 35

- no cells - contain genetic material (RNA or DNA) - surrounded with protein coat

Question 36

Difference between RNA and DNA

Answer 36

RNA - single helix DNA - double helix

Question 37

Definition of genus

Answer 37

A group of similar and related species

Question 38

Definition of species

Answer 38

A group of organisms with similar characteristics, which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring