Characteristics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a definition of stress?

A

A mismatch between the perceived demands of an individual and their perceived ability to meet the demands

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2
Q

What are two main elements of stress

A

Stress as a physical response and stress as a psychological response

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3
Q

What did Hans Seleye (1936) find out via his research on rats about the physical response of stress?

A

He found a general physical reaction to stress that involves the activation of the nervous system and the release of cortisol and adrenaline , meaning that stress causes a reaction in our bodies

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4
Q

What does research (1984) suggest about the Psychological consideration element of stress?

A

Stress is seen as an interaction between the person and the environment (transactional model)

Primary appraisal involves a consideration of a threat , Secondary appraisal involves a consideration of the resources we have available to combat the stressor

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5
Q

What are the three different types of stress?

A

Acute stress

Episodic acute stress

Chronic stress

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6
Q

What are characteristics of Acute stress?

A

The most common form of stress experienced , its short term and the response to an immediate threat

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of episodic acute stress?

A

It refers to instances of short-term stress , which means that the individual is experiencing frequent demands , however stress will cease unlike chronic stress and individuals can see the end

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Chronic stress?

A

Stress that persists over a long period of time, an individual who suffers from chronic stress will see no way out from the situation

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9
Q

What are the physical effects of stress?

A

Short-term - increased blood preasure, sweaty palms

Long term - damage of the immune system , coronary heart disease

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10
Q

What are the Psychological effects of stress?

A

Stress can leave individuals feeling isolated and can lower-self esteem , it can also cause other mental health problems such as anxiety and depression

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11
Q

What did Cohen and Williamson (1991) say about stressed people and exposure to pathogens?

A

They found that people who are stressed are more likely to expose themselves to pathogens , causing illness

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12
Q

What are the effects of stress on lifestyle?

A

Both physical and psychological effects will start to reflect on the patients life , they may turn to substances to self-medicate stress levels and also struggle with sleep

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13
Q

What did Wills et al (1985) find about adolencents stress and future substance abuse?

A

Adolencents who experience high-levels of stress are more likely to start smoking than those whose lives are less stressful

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14
Q

What did Corey et al (1993) find about returning to substance abuse?

A

Adults who have given up smoking are likely to return when encounted with stress

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