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Micro Test 1 Albertson > Characteristic Of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Characteristic Of Microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q

In a Eurcaryotic Cell the nuclear membrane is?

A

Present

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2
Q

In eurcaryotic cells chromosomes are?

A

Multiple, liner

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3
Q

In eurcaryotic cells cell replication is?

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

In eurcaryotic cells there are how many specialized organelles?

A

Several

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5
Q

In prokaryotic cells there are how many specialized organelles?

A

Few

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6
Q

In prokaryotic cells energy production happens where?

A

On the membrane

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7
Q

In prokaryotic cells cell replication happens by?

A

Binary Fission

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8
Q

In prokaryotic cells chromosomes are?

A

Singular, circle

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9
Q

In prokaryotic cells the nuclear membrane is?

A

Absent

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10
Q

Process a major antigen that may be common to more than one species of the genus’ Capital letters

A

Antigenic Group

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11
Q

Specific antigen that is very limited to closely related organisms.

A

Antigenic type

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12
Q

Major shapes and arrangements of bacteria cell.

A

Cocci- Spherical
Bacillus- Cylinder or rod
Spirillum or Spirochete- Spiral, cork

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13
Q

Components of bacteria cytoplasm and function

A

Thick aqueous solution

Cell sap- (nutrients, waste removal) Metabolism

Mechanism and genetic material (RNA, DNA, Ribosomes) Replication

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14
Q

Components of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

A

Proteins, Phospholipid bilayer

  • Selective permeability
  • Energy production
  • Synthesis and transport
  • Secretion
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15
Q

What is the major functions of bacteria cell wall?

A
  • Shape and rigidity
  • Production from outside
  • Place where antigenic can attach
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16
Q

Metabolically dormant, heat resistant structure within the cytoplasm of certain gram-positive bacteria and function?

A

Endospore; survival under adverse environmental conditions

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17
Q

What is the mucous (slimy) material surrounding certain bacterial cells and function?

A

Capsule;

  • Resistant to phagocytosis (slime)
  • Hide surface antigens (ocean)
  • Can aid in attachment (gum)
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18
Q

Thread-like structures on exterior of bacteria cells and their composition?

A

Flagellum: long spender, several times the appendage of the cell

Fimbriae: short, thin, glycoprotein strands protruding from cell

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19
Q

Function of flagellum

A

Motility

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20
Q

Bundles of fibrils arising at ends of cell beneath outer sheath and spiral around the cell (cause corkscrew motion)

A

Axial filaments

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21
Q

Function of fimbriae

A

Aid in bacteria attachment to appropriate cells (sex pili)

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22
Q

A gram- positive wall has a peptidoglycan % of?

A

60-80%

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23
Q

A gram-negative wall has a peptidoglycan % of?

A

10-20%

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24
Q

Components of gram-positive cell wall

A

N-acetylglucosamine
N-acetulmuramic
Peptidoglycan

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25
Q

Components of gram-negative cell wall

A

????

26
Q

What is the space between peptidoglycan and the “outer membrane”

A

Periplasmic space

27
Q

Clump of a few million identical bacteria originating from the same bacterium is?

A

Colony

28
Q

Most medically significant bacteria will reproduce about _________ under optimal conditions.

A

30-60 minutes

29
Q

Requires atmospheric oxygen

A

Aerobic

30
Q

Requires reduced oxygen concentration

A

Microaerophilic

31
Q

Requires absence of oxygen

A

Anaerobic

32
Q

Can grow in presence or absence of oxygen

A

Facultative

33
Q

Typical medically significant bacteria optimal temp, pH, CO2, and humidity for growth.

A

T: 35c
PH: 6.8-7.4
H: 60-80%
CO2: Most do not need but some need 5%

34
Q

Module cells that are multicellular long filaments are called _________.
When these cells/ structures grow in a mass, they are referred to as ___________.

A

Hyphae

Mycelium

35
Q

Reproductive forms of moulds typically grow on ___________.

A

Vegetative Hyphae

36
Q

Moulds typically grow on _______ and they contain antibiotics to inhibit what?

A

Artificial media

Bacteria growth

37
Q

Not to be considered to be a living organism

A

Virus

38
Q

What is the inner-most structure of the virus and what’s is it composed of and function?

A

Core; Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

Function: general info

39
Q

What is the structure found on the exterior of only certain viruses?

A

Envelope

40
Q

What is the envelope composed of?

A

Lipid bilayer acquired from host cell or nude clear membrane

Glycoproteins (spikes)- site for attachment and serve as antigen

41
Q

What is the function of the envelope

A
  • Lipid bilayer provides protection from environment
  • Proteins are primary site of attachment to host cell surface
  • Proteins serve as antigens during infection and site for antibody attachment
42
Q

Bacterial viruses are structurally similar to animal viruses, but with an additional structure known as the ________. One significant role of this additional structure is

A

Tail

Penetrating cell wall and injecting nucleic acid

43
Q

Steps of the virus infection

A

1- Attachment
2- Penetration and uncoating of nucleic acid
3- Eclipse or synthesis phase (genetic code translated into proteins, virus takes control of host)
4- Maturation (assemble and package)
5- Release (budding and lysis)

44
Q

What major mechanism involving the entrance of a virus into a human cell?

A

Method similar to ingestion into phagocytosis or fusion of envelope with host cell’s cytoplasmic membrane

45
Q

What are the major mechanisms of viral genetic code translation into protein in a virus- infected cell?

A

….

46
Q

How do enveloped viruses exit the infected cell?

A

Budding

47
Q

How do non-enveloped viruses exit the infected cell?

A

Lysis

48
Q

Latency of a viral infection

A

DNA of certain viruses can incorporate into the host DNA and lie dormant for long period if time

49
Q

What growth conditions are required for virus replication?

A

A living cell

50
Q

Locomotion: Amoebae

A

move by pseudopodia (false feet)

51
Q

Major morphologic stages of Protozoa

A

Trophozoite Stage
-active, vegetative, feeding stage

Cystic Stage
-dormant, nonmotile, non feeding stage

52
Q

One body part, non-segmented, leaf shaped

A

Trematodes

53
Q

Multi body parts, segmented

A

Cestodes

54
Q

Cells which are about 1.2 um in diameter, grow on routine culture media, and reproduce by binary fission is known as?

A

Prokaryotic

55
Q

A microbe which consisted of segmented body parts and is about 50 mm in length

A

Cestodes (tapeworms)

56
Q

A microbe which reproduces only when it is inside a living host cell

A

Virus

57
Q

How can “typical” bacteria be differentiated from “atypical”

A

Ability to grow or not grow on routine culture media

58
Q

Locomotion: Flagellates

A

move by flagella (whip-like)

59
Q

Locomotion: Cilliates

A

move by cilia (short hair-like)

60
Q

Locomotion: Apicomplexans

A

non-motile

Micro Test 1 Albertson (2 decks)

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